Prioritizing Training Needs of School Health Staff: The Example of Vietnam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Organizing Initial Items
2.2.2. Back Translation
2.2.3. Expert Review Using a Content Validity Index
2.2.4. Pretest and Finalization
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Characteristics and Differences in Performance
3.2. SHS members’ Training Needs
3.3. Consensus Regarding SHS Members’ Training Needs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Categories | Mean ± SD/n (%) | Performance Level | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | T (p) | |||
Age | 34.28 ± 6.76 | |||
Gender | Male | 28 (13.7) | 3.73 ± 0.81 | 1.69 (0.092) |
Female | 176 (86.3) | 3.43 ± 0.87 | ||
Type of school health staff | Assistant doctor, Nurse | 92 (45.1) | 3.78 ± 0.64 | 5.06 (<0.001) |
Other | 112 (54.9) | 3.21 ± 0.95 | ||
Type of school | Primary | 114 (55.9) | 3.34 ± 0.93 | −2.59 (0.010) |
Secondary | 90 (44.1) | 3.64 ± 0.76 | ||
Place of residence | Urban | 32 (15.7) | 3.51 ± 0.87 | 0.33 (0.744) |
Rural | 172 (84.3) | 3.46 ± 0.87 | ||
Schools with minority students | Yes | 59 (28.9) | 3.45 ± 0.89 | −0.21 (0.837) |
No | 145 (71.1) | 3.47 ± 0.86 | ||
Type of health education provider | School health staff | 136 (66.7) | 3.69 ± 0.78 | 5.51 (<0.001) |
Other | 68 (33.3) | 3.03 ± 0.88 | ||
Regular health education at school | Yes | 186 (91.2) | 3.55 ± 0.83 | 4.08 (<0.001) |
No | 18 (8.8) | 2.70 ± 0.90 | ||
School health training within the past 2 years | Yes | 169 (82.8) | 3.55 ± 0.83 | 2.92 (0.004) |
No | 35 (17.2) | 3.09 ± 0.98 |
Item | Importance Mean ± SD | Performance Mean ± SD | t | Borich Needs Score | Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Domain 1. Providing emergency care | |||||
1. Carrying out health assessment | 4.56 ± 0.67 | 3.32 ± 1.20 | 14.63 *** | 5.68 | 4 |
2. Administering first aid | 4.71 ± 0.49 | 3.42 ± 1.12 | 16.32 *** | 6.10 | 2 |
3. Providing mental support | 4.37 ± 0.69 | 3.77 ± 0.94 | 8.26 *** | 2.61 | 52 |
4. Administering first-aid medicine | 4.40 ± 0.74 | 3.48 ± 1.18 | 10.41 *** | 4.08 | 23 |
5. Guiding self-healthcare | 4.36 ± 0.71 | 3.73 ± 0.96 | 8.21 *** | 2.78 | 49 |
6. Guiding follow-up management | 4.22 ± 0.77 | 3.65 ± 0.96 | 7.23 *** | 2.40 | 55 |
7. Making requests to medical institutions | 4.58 ± 0.61 | 4.00 ± 0.89 | 8.05 *** | 2.63 | 51 |
8. Building an emergency medical system | 4.47 ± 0.65 | 3.36 ± 1.08 | 14.15 *** | 4.95 | 11 |
Domain 2. Providing health education | |||||
9. Establishing annual operation plans for health education curriculum | 4.35 ± 0.68 | 3.59 ± 1.00 | 10.22 *** | 3.28 | 38 |
10. Teaching students about health | 4.54 ± 0.61 | 3.62 ± 0.94 | 12.79 *** | 4.18 | 20 |
11. Teaching teachers about health | 4.36 ± 0.69 | 3.50 ± 1.00 | 10.71 *** | 3.78 | 28 |
12. Teaching parents about health | 4.26 ± 0.83 | 3.47 ± 1.02 | 8.70 *** | 3.40 | 37 |
13. Offering health information | 4.43 ± 0.65 | 3.54 ± 0.97 | 11.72 *** | 3.95 | 25 |
14. Providing broadcasting education | 4.20 ± 0.78 | 3.32 ± 1.12 | 10.34 *** | 3.66 | 30 |
Domain 3. Operating the school health room | |||||
15.Establishing annual operation plans for health management | 4.37 ± 0.66 | 3.65 ± 1.01 | 10.22 *** | 3.17 | 40 |
16. Producing budgets | 4.38 ± 0.64 | 3.38 ± 1.06 | 12.38 *** | 4.38 | 17 |
17. Managing a daily record of health work | 4.35 ± 0.65 | 3.81 ± 0.96 | 7.67 *** | 2.35 | 56 |
18. Managing medicines | 4.55 ± 0.62 | 3.73 ± 1.06 | 10.60 *** | 3.75 | 29 |
19. Managing medical instruments | 4.44 ± 0.66 | 3.77 ± 1.05 | 8.69 *** | 2.96 | 45 |
20. Taking care of official documents | 4.20 ± 0.76 | 3.78 ± 0.93 | 5.68 *** | 1.73 | 58 |
21. Obtaining necessary or suggested items | 4.24 ± 0.74 | 3.42 ± 1.05 | 9.84 *** | 3.47 | 34 |
22. Managing other related documents | 3.88 ± 0.85 | 3.48 ± 0.96 | 5.08 *** | 1.54 | 59 |
Domain 4. Implementing health screening for students | |||||
23. Investigating health conditions | 4.53 ± 0.66 | 3.41 ± 1.11 | 13.14 *** | 5.09 | 9 |
24. Implementing health screening | 4.48 ± 0.67 | 3.11 ± 1.19 | 14.76 *** | 6.13 | 1 |
25. Managing children requiring protection | 4.39 ± 0.68 | 3.46 ± 1.03 | 11.64 *** | 4.09 | 21 |
26. Providing aftercare based on results | 4.20 ± 0.86 | 3.13 ± 1.14 | 12.06 *** | 4.47 | 14 |
27. Managing record of results | 4.23 ± 0.85 | 3.38 ± 1.07 | 10.13 *** | 3.61 | 31 |
28. Using statistical results | 4.21 ± 0.86 | 3.36 ± 1.08 | 9.52 *** | 3.57 | 32 |
Domain 5. Controlling infectious diseases | |||||
29. Building a system of infectious disease control | 4.57 ± 0.62 | 3.30 ± 1.16 | 14.76 *** | 5.80 | 3 |
30. Monitoring infectious diseases | 4.61 ± 0.58 | 3.39 ± 1.19 | 14.40 *** | 5.65 | 5 |
31. Providing preventive education on infectious disease | 4.65 ± 0.54 | 3.56 ± 1.10 | 13.77 *** | 5.06 | 10 |
32. Managing infected students | 4.62 ± 0.59 | 3.44 ± 1.13 | 14.30 *** | 5.46 | 6 |
33. Checking for necessary vaccinations | 4.34 ± 0.79 | 3.24 ± 1.21 | 12.26 *** | 4.77 | 13 |
34. Monitoring epidemiologically infectious environments | 4.44 ± 0.70 | 3.26 ± 1.13 | 13.83 *** | 5.22 | 7 |
Domain 6. Establishing a healthy and safe physical environment | |||||
35. Assessing and managing available latrines for boys and girls | 4.36 ± 0.71 | 3.73 ± 0.91 | 9.09 *** | 2.78 | 50 |
36. Assessing and managing safe drinking water | 4.63 ± 0.58 | 3.75 ± 0.98 | 12.01 *** | 4.09 | 22 |
37. Assessing and managing available hand washing facilities | 4.35 ± 0.68 | 3.81 ± 0.91 | 7.42 *** | 2.35 | 57 |
38. Assessing and managing well-constructed and maintained learning areas and spaces | 4.23 ± 0.75 | 3.65 ± 0.91 | 8.40 *** | 2.47 | 54 |
39. Assessing and managing garbage removal from school grounds | 4.49 ± 0.66 | 3.85 ± 0.86 | 9.36 *** | 2.88 | 46 |
40. Protecting children from danger from road traffic, animals, and fire | 4.54 ± 0.75 | 3.57 ± 1.01 | 12.93 *** | 4.38 | 16 |
41. Assessing and managing endocrine disrupting chemicals (e.g., plastics, pesticides, detergent, Styrofoam, batteries) | 4.23 ± 0.87 | 3.28 ± 1.13 | 11.03 *** | 4.02 | 24 |
Domain 7. Providing health counseling | |||||
42. Teaching putting healthy lifestyle habits into practice | 4.35 ± 0.74 | 3.64 ± 0.95 | 9.11 *** | 3.07 | 43 |
43. Providing health information to satisfy counseling needs | 4.23 ± 0.74 | 3.55 ± 0.95 | 9.25 *** | 2.88 | 47 |
44. Counseling students about health | 4.36 ± 0.69 | 3.64 ± 0.97 | 9.64 *** | 3.14 | 42 |
45. Providing counseling to students with health problems | 4.39 ± 0.71 | 3.58 ± 0.98 | 10.67 *** | 3.55 | 33 |
46. Guiding student with their family on health problems | 4.34 ± 0.72 | 3.46 ± 1.05 | 10.82 *** | 3.85 | 26 |
47. Providing counseling to students with mental or psychological trauma | 4.38 ± 0.74 | 3.27 ± 1.14 | 12.61 *** | 4.85 | 12 |
48. Making requests to related institution | 4.49 ± 0.66 | 3.73 ± 0.93 | 11.12 *** | 3.41 | 36 |
Domain 8. Implementing health promotion programs | |||||
49. Understanding needs | 4.18 ± 0.74 | 3.41 ± 1.03 | 10.27 *** | 3.22 | 39 |
50. Setting order of priority | 4.07 ± 0.81 | 3.46 ± 0.98 | 8.39 *** | 2.49 | 53 |
51. Planning health promotion programs | 4.14 ± 0.75 | 3.42 ± 1.04 | 10.53 *** | 2.98 | 44 |
52. Utilizing human and material resources | 4.08 ± 0.78 | 3.38 ± 0.98 | 9.15 *** | 2.88 | 48 |
53. Running health promotion programs | 3.94 ± 0.83 | 3.13 ± 1.12 | 9.60 *** | 3.17 | 41 |
54. Evaluating results | 4.27 ± 0.71 | 3.39 ± 1.00 | 11.50 *** | 3.79 | 27 |
Domain 9. Developing professionalism | |||||
55. Receiving teacher training | 4.36 ± 0.74 | 3.18 ± 1.16 | 13.73 *** | 5.15 | 8 |
56. Searching for the latest medical information | 4.34 ± 0.72 | 3.32 ± 1.11 | 12.67 *** | 4.43 | 15 |
57. Searching for the latest teaching materials | 4.28 ± 0.74 | 3.29 ± 1.12 | 12.26 *** | 4.24 | 18 |
58. Developing health education materials | 4.19 ± 0.82 | 3.19 ± 1.09 | 11.67 *** | 4.19 | 19 |
59. Participating in job-related organization | 4.16 ± 0.79 | 3.33 ± 1.09 | 10.51 *** | 3.47 | 35 |
Total | 4.35 ± 0.50 | 3.48 ± 0.86 | 13.65 *** | 3.79 |
Domain | Item | Rank(Borich Needs Assessment) | Quadrant(Locus for Focus Model) | High Priority |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 | 24. Implementing health screening | 1 | Ⅰ | O |
1 | 2. Administering first aid | 2 | Ⅰ | O |
5 | 29. Building a system of infectious disease control | 3 | Ⅰ | O |
1 | 1. Carrying out health assessment | 4 | Ⅰ | O |
5 | 30. Monitoring infectious diseases | 5 | Ⅰ | O |
5 | 32. Managing infected students | 6 | Ⅰ | O |
5 | 34. Monitoring epidemiologically infectious environments | 7 | Ⅰ | O |
9 | 55. Receiving teacher training | 8 | Ⅰ | O |
4 | 23. Investigating health conditions | 9 | Ⅰ | O |
5 | 31. Providing preventive education on infectious disease | 10 | Ⅰ | O |
1 | 8. Building an emergency medical system | 11 | Ⅰ | O |
7 | 47. Providing counseling to students with mental or psychological trauma | 12 | Ⅰ | O |
5 | 33. Checking for necessary vaccinations | 13 | Ⅱ | |
4 | 26. Providing aftercare based on results | 14 | Ⅱ | |
9 | 56. Searching for the latest medical information | 15 | II | |
6 | 40. Protecting children from danger from road traffic, animals, and fire | 16 | Ⅰ | O |
3 | 16. Producing budgets | 17 | Ⅰ | O |
9 | 57. Searching for the latest teaching materials | 18 | II | |
9 | 58. Developing health education materials | 19 | II | |
2 | 10. Teaching students about health | 20 | Ⅰ | |
4 | 25. Managing children requiring protection | 21 | Ⅰ | |
6 | 36. Assessing and managing safe drinking water | 22 | Ⅰ | |
1 | 4. Administering first-aid medicine | 23 | Ⅰ | |
2 | 13. Offering health information | 25 | Ⅰ |
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Kim, S.; Lee, H.; Lee, H.; Loan, B.T.T.; Huyen, L.T.T.; Huong, N.T.T. Prioritizing Training Needs of School Health Staff: The Example of Vietnam. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155563
Kim S, Lee H, Lee H, Loan BTT, Huyen LTT, Huong NTT. Prioritizing Training Needs of School Health Staff: The Example of Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(15):5563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155563
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Sookyung, Hyeonkyeong Lee, Hyeyeon Lee, Bui Thi Thanh Loan, Le Thi Thanh Huyen, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong. 2020. "Prioritizing Training Needs of School Health Staff: The Example of Vietnam" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155563