Acculturation and Its Effects on Health Risk Behaviors among Myanmar Migrant Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection and Participants
2.2. Measures
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Acculturation
3.3. Prevalence of Health Risk Behaviors
3.4. Health Risk Behaviors and Associated Factors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total | Current Smoking | Current Alcohol Consumption | Central Obesity | Lack of Exercise | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Age | |||||
18–39 years | 348 (84.1) | 91 (26.1) | 143 (41.1) | 262 (75.3) | 76 (21.9) |
40–60 years | 66 (15.9) | 18 (27.3) | 26 (39.4) | 52 (78.8) | 27 (40.9) |
Gender | |||||
Male | 231 (55.8) | 106 (45.9) | 154 (66.7) | 30 (13.0) | 162 (70.1) |
Female | 183 (44.2) | 3 (1.6) | 15 (8.2) | 73 (39.9) | 152 (83.1) |
Ethnicity | |||||
Shan | 360 (87.0) | 90 (25.0) | 138 (38.3) | 94 (26.2) | 276 (76.7) |
Myanmar | 54 (13.0) | 19 (35.2) | 31 (57.4) | 9 (16.7) | 38 (70.4) |
Education Level | |||||
Formal education | 211 (51.0) | 54 (25.6) | 90 (42.7) | 39 (8.6) | 147 (69.7) |
No formal education | 203 (49.0) | 55 (27.1) | 79 (38.9) | 64 (31.5) | 167 (82.3) |
Monthly Income | |||||
<9000 baht | 266 (64.6) | 29 (19.9) | 38 (26.0) | 61 (22.9) | 194 (72.9) |
>9000 baht | 146 (35.4) | 79 (29.7) | 130 (48.9) | 42 (29.0) | 118 (80.8) |
Separation | |||||
Low | 47 (11.4) | 11 (23.4) | 22 (46.8) | 18 (38.8) | 28 (59.6) |
High | 367 (88.6) | 98 (26.7) | 147 (40.1) | 85 (23.2) | 286 (77.9) |
Integration | |||||
Low | 84 (20.3) | 20 (23.8) | 30 (35.7) | 18 (21.7) | 67 (79.8) |
High | 330 (79.7) | 89 (27.0) | 139 (42.1) | 85 (25.8) | 247 (74.8) |
Assimilation | |||||
Low | 284 (68.6) | 71 (25.0) | 106 (37.3) | 63 (22.3) | 228 (80.3) |
High | 130 (31.4) | 30 (29.2) | 63 (48.5) | 40 (30.8) | 86 (66.22) |
Marginalization | |||||
Low | 326 (78.7) | 95 (29.1) | 138 (42.3) | 84 (25.8) | 48 (76.1) |
High | 88 (21.3) | 14 (15.9) | 31 (35.2) | 19 (21.6) | 66 (75.0) |
Acculturation Strategy | Separation | Integration | Assimilation | Marginalization |
---|---|---|---|---|
Separation | 1 | −0.226 ** | −0.459 ** | −0.037 |
Integration | - | 1 | 0.446 ** | −0.130 ** |
Assimilation | - | - | 1 | 0.223 ** |
Marginalization | - | - | - | 1 |
Current Smoking | Current Alcohol Consumption | Central Obesity | Lack of Exercise | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Adj OR (95%CI) | Adj OR (95%CI) | Adj OR (95%CI) | Adj OR (95%CI) | |
Age 40–60 years vs. 18–39 years (ref:) | 0.94 (0.46–1.90) | 1.21 (0.60–2.44) | 2.62 * (1.40–4.91) | 0.95 (0.48–1.88) |
Gender | ||||
Male vs. Female (ref:) | 52.49 ** (16.03–71.85) | 21.40 ** (11.56–39.61) | - | - |
Female vs. Male (ref:) | - | - | 5.31 ** (3.10–9.11) | 1.94 * (1.17–3.23) |
Ethnicity Myanmar vs. Shan (ref:) | 1.49 (0.69–3.22) | 2.35 * (1.04–5.27) | 1.15 (0.48–2.78) | 0.84 (0.41–1.74) |
Education level No formal education vs. Formal education (ref:) | 1.25 (0.72–2.16) | 1.00 (0.59–1.69) | 1.91 * (1.14–3.2) | 1.89 * (1.15–3.10) |
Monthly Income >9000 baht vs. <9000 baht (ref:) | 0.90 (0.49–1.63) | 1.75 * (1.01–3.03) | 1.13 (6.67–1.91) | 1.33 (0.79–2.25) |
Separation High vs. Low (ref:) | 1.50 (0.62–3.63) | 0.81 (0.34–1.90) | 0.59 (0.28–1.28) | 1.80 (0.89–3.67) |
Integration High vs. Low (ref:) | 1.66 (0.79–3.52) | 2.18 * (1.06–4.48) | 0.77 (0.38–1.56) | 0.59 (0.34–1.03) |
Assimilation High vs. Low (ref:) | 1.30 (0.68–2.48) | 1.40 (0.75–2.61) | 2.08 * (1.14–3.79) | 1.00 (0.55–1.80) |
Marginalization Low vs. High (ref:) | 2.23 * (1.06–4.68) | 1.18 (0.60–2.30) | 1.44 (0.77–2.69) | 1.00 (0.55–1.80) |
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Aung, T.N.N.; Shirayama, Y.; Moolphate, S.; Lorga, T.; Yuasa, M.; Nyein Aung, M. Acculturation and Its Effects on Health Risk Behaviors among Myanmar Migrant Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5108. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145108
Aung TNN, Shirayama Y, Moolphate S, Lorga T, Yuasa M, Nyein Aung M. Acculturation and Its Effects on Health Risk Behaviors among Myanmar Migrant Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(14):5108. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145108
Chicago/Turabian StyleAung, Thin Nyein Nyein, Yoshihisa Shirayama, Saiyud Moolphate, Thaworn Lorga, Motoyuki Yuasa, and Myo Nyein Aung. 2020. "Acculturation and Its Effects on Health Risk Behaviors among Myanmar Migrant Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 5108. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145108