On the Person-Place Interaction and Its Relationship with the Responses/Outcomes of Listeners of Urban Soundscape (Compared Cases of Lisbon and Bogotá): Contextual and Semiotic Aspects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Sites of Study
- -
- Jardim da Estrela (LJES),
- -
- Jardim da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian (LJFG),
- -
- Jardim do Príncipe Real (LJPR).
- -
- Autopista norte estación Alcalá (BOAPA),
- -
- Calle 19 con Cra. 7 (BOC197),
- -
- Fuente de agua edificio Tequendama (BOFAET),
- -
- Plaza de Lourdes (BOPL),
- -
- Simón Bolívar park (BOPSB).
2.2. Descriptive Aspects of the Acoustic Environments
2.3. Subjective Evaluation
3. Results
3.1. Keynote Sounds and Sound Pressure Levels
3.2. Listeners’ Responses
Differences between Lisbon and Bogotá Responses
3.3. Outcomes: Permanency Time and Possible Uses
4. Discussion
Contextual and Semiotic Aspects Applied to Urban Soundscapes Management, Design and Planning Processes
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgements
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Place | City | Keynote Sound | LAeq (dBA) |
---|---|---|---|
LJES | Bogotá | Speech (mean value 0.57 and 88% of detection) | 65.6 |
Lisbon | Speech (mean value 0.54 and 84% of detection) | ||
LJFG | Bogotá | Nature (mean value 0.43 and 80% of detection) | 58.4 |
Lisbon | Nature (mean value 0.46 and 76% of detection) | ||
LJPR | Bogotá | Speech (mean value 0.49 and 78% of detection) | 56.6 |
Lisbon | Speech (mean value 0.38 and 60% of detection) | ||
BOAPA | Bogotá | Road Traffic (mean value 0.66 and 96% of detection) | 63.9 |
Lisbon | Road Traffic (mean value 0.70 and 96% of detection) | ||
BOC197 | Bogotá | Road Traffic (mean value 0.94 and 100% of detection) | 74.6 |
Lisbon | Road Traffic (mean value 0.94 and 100% of detection) | ||
BOFAET | Bogotá | Water (mean value 0.80 and 93% of detection) | 75.4 |
Lisbon | Water (mean value 0.90 and 100% of detection) | ||
BOPL | Bogotá | Speech (mean value 0.56 and 88% of detection) | 68.7 |
Lisbon | Road Traffic (mean value 0.50 and 92% of detection) | ||
BOPSB | Bogotá | Nature (mean value 0.50 and 80% of detection) | 51.4 |
Lisbon | Nature (mean value 0.42 and 68% of detection) |
Place | Statistics | General Assessment | Pleasant | Chaotic | Exciting | Uneventful | Calm | Annoying | Eventful | Monotonous |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LJFG | U | 540.0 | 537.0 | 577.5 | 437.5 | 577.5 | 535.5 | 620.0 | 625.0 | 338.0 |
p value | 0.282 | 0.286 | 0.571 | 0.024 | 0.575 | 0.281 | 0.952 | 1.000 | 0.001 | |
Mean Rank Bogotá | 36.30 | 36.24 | 38.95 | 34.25 | 38.95 | 36.21 | 37.90 | 38.00 | 43.74 | |
Mean Rank Lisbon | 41.40 | 41.52 | 36.10 | 45.50 | 36.10 | 41.58 | 38.20 | 38.00 | 26.52 | |
LJES | U | 597.0 | 624.5 | 594.5 | 497.0 | 612.5 | 615.0 | 622.5 | 570.0 | 499.5 |
p value | 0.731 | 0.995 | 0.722 | 0.126 | 0.882 | 0.906 | 0.976 | 0.504 | 0.128 | |
Mean Rank Bogotá | 37.44 | 38.01 | 37.39 | 35.44 | 38.25 | 38.20 | 38.05 | 36.90 | 40.51 | |
Mean Rank Lisbon | 39.12 | 37.98 | 39.22 | 43.12 | 37.50 | 37.60 | 37.90 | 40.20 | 32.98 | |
LJPR | U | 569.0 | 500.5 | 530.0 | 542.0 | 569.5 | 550.0 | 543.0 | 469.0 | 433.5 |
p value | 0.474 | 0.137 | 0.258 | 0.324 | 0.517 | 0.375 | 0.319 | 0.068 | 0.025 | |
Mean Rank Bogotá | 39.12 | 40.49 | 36.10 | 36.34 | 39.11 | 39.50 | 36.36 | 34.88 | 41.83 | |
Mean Rank Lisbon | 35.76 | 33.02 | 41.80 | 41.32 | 35.78 | 35.00 | 41.28 | 44.24 | 30.34 | |
BOAPA | U | 207.5 | 258.0 | 309.5 | 278.5 | 271.5 | 293.0 | 237.0 | 212.0 | 218.0 |
p value | 0.030 | 0.265 | 0.951 | 0.489 | 0.395 | 0.690 | 0.127 | 0.040 | 0.058 | |
Mean Rank Bogotá | 29.70 | 27.68 | 25.62 | 26.86 | 27.14 | 26.28 | 22.48 | 21.48 | 29.28 | |
Mean Rank Lisbon | 21.30 | 23.32 | 25.38 | 24.14 | 23.86 | 24.72 | 28.52 | 29.52 | 21.72 | |
BOC197 | U | 278.5 | 280.5 | 302.5 | 306.5 | 193.5 | 229.5 | 222.5 | 204.5 | 256.5 |
p value | 0.466 | 0.463 | 0.830 | 0.904 | 0.017 | 0.025 | 0.055 | 0.022 | 0.261 | |
Mean Rank Bogotá | 26.86 | 24.22 | 25.10 | 25.74 | 20.74 | 22.18 | 21.90 | 21.18 | 23.26 | |
Mean Rank Lisbon | 24.14 | 26.78 | 25.90 | 25.26 | 30.26 | 28.82 | 29.10 | 29.82 | 27.74 | |
BOFA | U | 264.0 | 288.5 | 244.5 | 243.0 | 243.5 | 285.0 | 247.0 | 264.5 | 303.5 |
p value | 0.317 | 0.613 | 0.168 | 0.156 | 0.160 | 0.580 | 0.165 | 0.332 | 0.856 | |
Mean Rank Bogotá | 27.44 | 24.54 | 28.22 | 22.72 | 28.26 | 26.60 | 22.88 | 23.58 | 25.86 | |
Mean Rank Lisbon | 23.56 | 26.46 | 22.78 | 28.28 | 22.74 | 24.40 | 28.12 | 27.42 | 25.14 | |
BOPL | U | 286.5 | 269.5 | 268.5 | 229.5 | 242.5 | 236.5 | 276.5 | 230.5 | 242.5 |
p value | 0.595 | 0.375 | 0.371 | 0.095 | 0.151 | 0.100 | 0.467 | 0.075 | 0.154 | |
Mean Rank Bogotá | 24.46 | 23.78 | 27.26 | 22.18 | 22.70 | 22.46 | 26.94 | 22.22 | 28.3 | |
Mean Rank Lisbon | 26.54 | 27.22 | 23.74 | 28.82 | 28.30 | 28.54 | 24.06 | 28.78 | 22.70 | |
BOPSB | U | 208.5 | 213.5 | 203.5 | 305.5 | 263.5 | 218.5 | 196.0 | 183.0 | 233.0 |
p value | 0.034 | 0.045 | 0.025 | 0.887 | 0.314 | 0.057 | 0.019 | 0.008 | 0.108 | |
Mean Rank Bogotá | 29.66 | 29.46 | 21.14 | 25.22 | 27.46 | 29.26 | 20.84 | 20.32 | 28.68 | |
Mean Rank Lisbon | 21.34 | 21.54 | 29.86 | 25.78 | 23.54 | 21.74 | 30.16 | 30.68 | 22.32 |
Test Site | Permanency Time | Possible Use | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statistics | Value | df | p Value (2-Sided) | Value | df | p Value (2-Sided) | |
BOAPA | X2 | 4.577 | 4 | 0.376 | 3.026(a) | 4 | 0.77 |
Likelihood Ratio | 6.125 | 4 | 0.301 | 3.818 | 4 | 0.77 | |
BOC197 | X2 | 5.581 | 2 | 0.056 | 6.364(a) | 2 | 0.05 |
Likelihood Ratio | 6.764 | 2 | 0.044 | 8.682 | 2 | 0.05 | |
BOFA | X2 | 2.607 | 4 | 0.643 | 11.493(a) | 6 | 0.05 |
Likelihood Ratio | 2.658 | 4 | 0.658 | 13.66 | 6 | 0.051 | |
BOPL | X2 | 5.636 | 4 | 0.198 | 11.026(a) | 4 | 0.008 |
Likelihood Ratio | 6.823 | 4 | 0.181 | 15.275 | 4 | 0.006 | |
BOPSB | X2 | 9.356 | 4 | 0.049 | 10.273(a) | 6 | 0.094 |
Likelihood Ratio | 11.272 | 4 | 0.038 | 11.785 | 6 | 0.093 | |
LJFG | X2 | 7.504 | 4 | 0.096 | 22.646(a) | 6 | 0 |
Likelihood Ratio | 8.3 | 4 | 0.086 | 24.59 | 6 | 0.001 | |
LJES | X2 | 6.701 | 4 | 0.155 | 25.736(a) | 6 | 0 |
Likelihood Ratio | 8.239 | 4 | 0.11 | 28.267 | 6 | 0 | |
LJPR | X2 | 2.173 | 4 | 0.773 | 17.942(a) | 6 | 0.004 |
Likelihood Ratio | 2.584 | 4 | 0.74 | 18.474 | 6 | 0.009 |
Define purpose and activities
|
Define acoustic objectives according to purpose and activities
|
Identify listening places and listening itineraries
|
Identify sound sources and sound components
|
Identify sound propagation paths
|
Identify preferred and unwanted preferred and unwanted sounds
|
Manage sound components (Diminish unwanted sounds, enhance preferred sounds, and identify wanted sounds in context)
|
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Hermida, L.; Pavón, I.; Lobo Soares, A.C.; Bento-Coelho, J.L. On the Person-Place Interaction and Its Relationship with the Responses/Outcomes of Listeners of Urban Soundscape (Compared Cases of Lisbon and Bogotá): Contextual and Semiotic Aspects. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040551
Hermida L, Pavón I, Lobo Soares AC, Bento-Coelho JL. On the Person-Place Interaction and Its Relationship with the Responses/Outcomes of Listeners of Urban Soundscape (Compared Cases of Lisbon and Bogotá): Contextual and Semiotic Aspects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(4):551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040551
Chicago/Turabian StyleHermida, Luis, Ignacio Pavón, Antonio Carlos Lobo Soares, and J. Luis Bento-Coelho. 2019. "On the Person-Place Interaction and Its Relationship with the Responses/Outcomes of Listeners of Urban Soundscape (Compared Cases of Lisbon and Bogotá): Contextual and Semiotic Aspects" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4: 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040551