Occupational Exposure to Solar UV Radiation of a Group of Fishermen Working in the Italian North Adriatic Sea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- (a)
- Mussels fishing: medium size boat, partially shielded from sunlight. The fishing phases were preparation of the net bags for the mussels’ grafting, sowing phase, mussel collection, choice of the mussels collected, and preparation of the net bags with the caught fish to be sold. It has to be noted that the sowing and collection phases were performed in direct sunlight.
- (b)
- Sea snails and cuttlefish fishing: small boat, with no possibility of shielding from sunlight. The fishing phases were throwing down of the net bags and net baskets in the sea, collection of the caught fish with a pulley, and separation of the sea snails and cuttlefish from the other fishes.
- (c)
- Trawling: medium size boat, partially shielded from sunlight. The fishing phases were casting of the nets, navigation phase to pull the nets, pulling up of the nets, choice of the caught fish, and preparation of the net bags to be sold. Exposure to direct sunlight was mainly during the net casting and pulling up phases.
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dosimeter | Spectral Responsivity Range | Weighting Function | Measurement Range (W/m2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
UV-A | X2000 | 320–400 nm | unweighted * | 0.02–3000 |
UV-B | X2000 | 280–320 nm | unweighted * | 0.02–2500 |
UV-A ERYTHEMAL | X2000 | 320–400 nm | DIN 5050-1 2009 Erythemal actinic curve | 0.002–30 |
UV-B ERYTHEMAL | X2000 | 250–320 nm | DIN 5050-1 2009 Erythemal actinic curve | 0.03–5500 |
UV-A ICNIRP | X2000 | 320–400 nm | DIN EN 62471:2009 | 0.001–14 |
UV-B ICNIRP | X2000 | 280–320 nm | DIN EN 62471:2009 | 0.03–5000 |
UV-A | X2012 | 320–400 nm | CIE Erythemal action spectrum | 0.002–30 |
UV-B/-C | X2012 | 250–320 nm | CIE Erythemal action spectrum | 0.03–5500 |
Fishing Activity | Fisherman (FM) | Exposure Period Monitored (Minutes) and Corresponding Fraction of the cmeUVd | Exposure on the Back (J/m²) | Exposure on the Chest/Nape (J/m²) | % of Personal vs. Ambient Exposure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mussels Fishing | FM1 | 397′/1.71 kJ/m2 | 213 | / | 12.5 |
FM2 | 79 | / | 4.6 | ||
FM3 | 65 | / | 3.8 | ||
Sea Snails & Cuttlefish fishing | FM4 | 178′/0.83 kJ/m2 | 542 | 380 (nape) | 65.3 (45.8 for nape) |
FM5 | 288 | / | 34.7 | ||
Trawling | FM6 | 261′/1.26 kJ/m2 | 84 | / | 6.7 |
FM7 | 32 | 98 (chest) | 2.5 (7.8 for chest) |
Fishing Activity | Fisherman (FM) | Exposure Period Monitored (Minutes) and Corresponding Fraction of the cmeUVd | Exposure on the Back (J/m²) | Exposure on the Chest/nape (J/m²) | % of Personal vs. Ambient Exposure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mussels Fishing | FM1 | 210′/0.81 kJ/m2 | 29 | / | 3.6 |
FM2 | 25 | / | 3.1 | ||
FM3 | 71 | / | 8.8 | ||
Sea Snails & Cuttlefish fishing | FM4 | 180′/0.62 kJ/m2 | 284 | 166 (nape) | 45.8 (26.8 for nape) |
FM5 | 84 | / | 13.5 | ||
Trawling | FM6 | 300’/1.56 kJ/m2 | 151 | / | 9.7 |
FM7 | 129 | 69 (chest) | 8.3 (4.4 for chest) |
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Modenese, A.; Ruggieri, F.P.; Bisegna, F.; Borra, M.; Burattini, C.; Della Vecchia, E.; Grandi, C.; Grasso, A.; Gugliermetti, L.; Manini, M.; et al. Occupational Exposure to Solar UV Radiation of a Group of Fishermen Working in the Italian North Adriatic Sea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16163001
Modenese A, Ruggieri FP, Bisegna F, Borra M, Burattini C, Della Vecchia E, Grandi C, Grasso A, Gugliermetti L, Manini M, et al. Occupational Exposure to Solar UV Radiation of a Group of Fishermen Working in the Italian North Adriatic Sea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(16):3001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16163001
Chicago/Turabian StyleModenese, Alberto, Francesco Pio Ruggieri, Fabio Bisegna, Massimo Borra, Chiara Burattini, Elena Della Vecchia, Carlo Grandi, Anna Grasso, Luca Gugliermetti, Marco Manini, and et al. 2019. "Occupational Exposure to Solar UV Radiation of a Group of Fishermen Working in the Italian North Adriatic Sea" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16: 3001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16163001
APA StyleModenese, A., Ruggieri, F. P., Bisegna, F., Borra, M., Burattini, C., Della Vecchia, E., Grandi, C., Grasso, A., Gugliermetti, L., Manini, M., Militello, A., & Gobba, F. (2019). Occupational Exposure to Solar UV Radiation of a Group of Fishermen Working in the Italian North Adriatic Sea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16), 3001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16163001