Antibacterial Activity of Orthodontic Cement Containing Quaternary Ammonium Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles Adjacent to Orthodontic Brackets
by
Eldad Sharon, Revital Sharabi, Adi Eden, Asher Zabrovsky, Gilad Ben-Gal, Esi Sharon, Yoav Pietrokovski
, Yael Houri-Haddad † and Nurit Beyth *,†
Eldad Sharon, Revital Sharabi, Adi Eden, Asher Zabrovsky, Gilad Ben-Gal, Esi Sharon, Yoav Pietrokovski, Yael Houri-Haddad † and Nurit Beyth *,†
Department of Prosthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(4), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040606
Received: 5 March 2018 / Revised: 21 March 2018 / Accepted: 22 March 2018 / Published: 27 March 2018
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Science and Engineering)
Enamel demineralization is a common problem found in patients using orthodontic devices, such as orthodontic braces. It was found that Streptoccocus mutans growth increases adjacent to orthodontic devices, which may result in caries development. Incorporated antibacterial quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QPEI) nanoparticles were previously shown to be highly efficacious against various bacteria. Combining antibacterial materials in orthodontic cement may be advantageous to prevent bacterial outgrowth adjacent to orthodontic brackets. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of orthodontic cement containing QPEI nanoparticles in reducing S. mutans and Lactobacillus casei outgrowth adjacent to orthodontic brackets. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of extracted lower incisors. The antibacterial effect on S. mutans and L. casei outgrowth of Neobond bracket adhesive orthodontic cement with and without QPEI nanoparticles was compared. The antibacterial effect was evaluated using crystal violet staining and bacterial count (CFU/mL). The teeth in the experimental group, with the QPEI nanoparticles cement, showed significantly lower optical density (OD) values and CFU counts of S. mutans and L. casei than the teeth in the control group (p < 0.05). Based on the results, it can be concluded that orthodontic cement containing QPEI nanoparticles significantly inhibits S. mutans and L. casei growth around orthodontic brackets.
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Keywords:
antibacterial; nanoparticles; orthodontic brackets
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MDPI and ACS Style
Sharon, E.; Sharabi, R.; Eden, A.; Zabrovsky, A.; Ben-Gal, G.; Sharon, E.; Pietrokovski, Y.; Houri-Haddad, Y.; Beyth, N. Antibacterial Activity of Orthodontic Cement Containing Quaternary Ammonium Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles Adjacent to Orthodontic Brackets. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 606.
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