Optimized Extraction of Sargahydroquinoic Acid, Major Bioactive Substance, from Sargassum yezoense Using Response Surface Methodology

Baek, Suhyeon; Bae, Ji-Eun; Miao, Yu; Kim, Gahyeon; Ryu, Bomi; Lee, Byung-Hoo; Lee, Sanggil

doi:10.3390/md22120543

Open AccessArticle

Optimized Extraction of Sargahydroquinoic Acid, Major Bioactive Substance, from Sargassum yezoense Using Response Surface Methodology

by

Suhyeon Baek

^1,†

,

Ji-Eun Bae

^2,†

,

Yu Miao

¹,

Gahyeon Kim

²,

Bomi Ryu

^1,2

,

Byung-Hoo Lee

^3,*

and

Sanggil Lee

^1,2,*

¹

Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea

²

Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea

³

Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(12), 543; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22120543

Submission received: 31 October 2024 / Revised: 24 November 2024 / Accepted: 28 November 2024 / Published: 2 December 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Extraction of High-Value Compounds in Marine Algae)

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Abstract

Sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA), a bioactive compound found in certain Sargassum species, exhibits significant health benefits. This study optimized the extraction of SHQA from Sargassum yezoense using response surface methodology (RSM) and evaluated its antioxidant effects through in vitro and in vivo assays. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was effectively employed to investigate the effects of incubation temperature, time, and ethanol concentration on SHQA yield, achieving a high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.961). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) validated the model’s reliability (F = 13.86, p = 0.005) and highlighted ethanol concentration as a highly significant factor (p < 0.001). Optimal extraction conditions were identified as 52.8 °C, 8.3 h, and 74.1% ethanol. The SHQA-maximized extract (SME) contained 67.8 ± 0.6 mg SHQA/g and 25.00 ± 1.01 mg phloroglucinol equivalent/g. SME exhibited antioxidant capacity of 26.45 ± 0.66 mg and 28.74 ± 2.30 mg vitamin C equivalent/g in ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively, and 0.29 ± 0.02 mM FeSO₄ equivalent/g in the FRAP assay. Additionally, SME at 50 µg/mL and SHQA at 1 µg/mL inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in an H₂O₂-induced zebrafish model. This study presents the first optimization of SHQA extraction using RSM and demonstrates SHQA’s ROS inhibition in a zebrafish model.

Keywords: Sargassum yezoense; response surface methodology; antioxidant; Box–Behnken design; sargahydroquinoic acid; extraction yield

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MDPI and ACS Style

Baek, S.; Bae, J.-E.; Miao, Y.; Kim, G.; Ryu, B.; Lee, B.-H.; Lee, S. Optimized Extraction of Sargahydroquinoic Acid, Major Bioactive Substance, from Sargassum yezoense Using Response Surface Methodology. Mar. Drugs 2024, 22, 543. https://doi.org/10.3390/md22120543

AMA Style

Baek S, Bae J-E, Miao Y, Kim G, Ryu B, Lee B-H, Lee S. Optimized Extraction of Sargahydroquinoic Acid, Major Bioactive Substance, from Sargassum yezoense Using Response Surface Methodology. Marine Drugs. 2024; 22(12):543. https://doi.org/10.3390/md22120543

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baek, Suhyeon, Ji-Eun Bae, Yu Miao, Gahyeon Kim, Bomi Ryu, Byung-Hoo Lee, and Sanggil Lee. 2024. "Optimized Extraction of Sargahydroquinoic Acid, Major Bioactive Substance, from Sargassum yezoense Using Response Surface Methodology" Marine Drugs 22, no. 12: 543. https://doi.org/10.3390/md22120543

APA Style

Baek, S., Bae, J.-E., Miao, Y., Kim, G., Ryu, B., Lee, B.-H., & Lee, S. (2024). Optimized Extraction of Sargahydroquinoic Acid, Major Bioactive Substance, from Sargassum yezoense Using Response Surface Methodology. Marine Drugs, 22(12), 543. https://doi.org/10.3390/md22120543

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Optimized Extraction of Sargahydroquinoic Acid, Major Bioactive Substance, from Sargassum yezoense Using Response Surface Methodology

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