Harnessing Marine Biocatalytic Reservoirs for Green Chemistry Applications through Metagenomic Technologies
Abstract
:1. The Nature of the Modern Chemical Industry
1.1. The Application and Benefits of Utilising Green Chemistry Solutions
1.2. Replacement of Traditional Chemical Processes by Greener Chemical Solutions
2. Resources for the Discovery of Green Chemical Biocatalysts
Mining the Marine Biome for Novel Biocatalysts
3. Industrially Relevant Properties of Novel Marine Lipases/Esterases
4. Identification of Novel Enzymes from the Marine Environment by Metagenomic Analysis—A Proof of Concept Case Study
5. Advantages and Regulatory Compliance of Green Chemistry Solutions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Concept | Abbreviation | Definition |
---|---|---|
Atom Economy | AE | The amount of raw material used as a substrate that becomes a useful product with the minimum waste production |
Environmental Quotient | EQ | The relation between the mass of waste generated during a process and the environmental impact that the waste causes |
Reaction Mass Efficiency | RME | This concept takes into consideration not only the atom economy but also the yield and stoichiometry of a chemical reaction |
Mass Intensity | MI | The total mass of material, such as reactants, solvents, and reagents, used to produce a specific mass of product |
The Life-Cycle Assessment | LCA | A technique to evaluate the environmental impact of the entire life of a product, this included all the steps from the extraction of raw material, manufacturing, storing, distribution, use, disposal and recycling |
Extremozyme | Source | Microorganism | Property |
---|---|---|---|
Lipase | Waters of Baek-du mountain | Acinetobacter baumannii | High activity at low temperatures [72] |
China | Yersinia enterocolitica | Activity over a broad range of temperatures (0–60 °C) [73] | |
Saline soil from China | Oceanobacillus rekensis | 80% of activity at 10 °C and fairly active in the presence of long-chain alcohols [74] | |
Antarctica | Bacillus pumilus | 80% of their activity at 10 °C [75] | |
Intertidal flat of the Yellow Sea in Korea | Photobacterium lipolyticum | Activity maintained at 5 °C [76] | |
Protease | Indian ocean | Marinobacter | 60% activity is maintained at 80 °C [77] |
Wastewater | Bacillus licheniformis | Optimum temperature at 70 °C and stability towards nonionic and anionic surfactants [78] | |
α-Amylase | Antarctic ice-shell | Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis | 80% of enzyme activity at high NaCl concentrations [79] |
Wastewater | Bacillus licheniformis | Optimum temperature at 90 °C and stability towards nonionic and anionic surfactants [78] |
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Castilla, I.A.; Woods, D.F.; Reen, F.J.; O’Gara, F. Harnessing Marine Biocatalytic Reservoirs for Green Chemistry Applications through Metagenomic Technologies. Mar. Drugs 2018, 16, 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16070227
Castilla IA, Woods DF, Reen FJ, O’Gara F. Harnessing Marine Biocatalytic Reservoirs for Green Chemistry Applications through Metagenomic Technologies. Marine Drugs. 2018; 16(7):227. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16070227
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastilla, Ignacio Abreu, David F. Woods, F. Jerry Reen, and Fergal O’Gara. 2018. "Harnessing Marine Biocatalytic Reservoirs for Green Chemistry Applications through Metagenomic Technologies" Marine Drugs 16, no. 7: 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16070227