Prognostic Value of Initial Inflammatory Biomarkers, ECG Findings, and Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Severity
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Laboratory Analysis
2.3. Electrocardiography (ECG)
2.4. Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA)
3. Exclusion Criteria
4. Statistical Analysis
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
8. Study Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Correction Statement
References
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| Variables | PTE Patients n = 69 | Control Group n = 69 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| -male -female | 46 (66.7%) 23 (33.3%) | 46 (66.7%) 23 (33.3%) | 1.000 |
| Age, mean ± sd | 54.9 ± 11.8 | 55.3 ± 11.6 | 0.833 |
| Daniel score, median (range) | 5 (0–21) | 0 (0–11) | <0.001 |
| WBC, mean ± sd | 10.5 ± 3.3 | 7.1 ± 2.1 | <0.001 |
| Neutrophils, median (range) | 7.5 (1.8–18.2) | 3.4 (2.0–9.7) | <0.001 |
| IL 6, median (range) | 30.1 (2.7–358.7) | 1.5 (1.5–13.3) | <0.001 |
| CRP, median (range) | 48.1 (1.6–254.3) | 1.3 (0.6–109.0) | <0.001 |
| SII, median (range) | 821.1 (208.5–11,946.0) | 391.3 (145.4–913.8) | <0.001 |
| NLR score, median (range) | 5.3 (1.2–53.5) | 1.6 (0.8–3.7) | <0.001 |
| PLR score, median (range) | 124.5 (17.5–905.0) | 113.3 (44.1–213.5) | 0.063 |
| dNLR score, median (range) | 3.0 (0.9–21.4) | 1.1 (0.62–2.5) | <0.001 |
| NPR score, median (range) | 0.038 (0.009–0.378) | 0.015 (0.007–0.046) | <0.001 |
| LMR score, median (range) | 2.3 (0.3–6.4) | 3.7 (2.0–7.3) | <0.001 |
| Variables | n = 62 | (%) |
|---|---|---|
| PTE location | ||
| Both main braches | 22 | 35.5 |
| One of the main branches (L or R) | 14 | 22.6 |
| Lobar PTE | 18 | 29.0 |
| Segmental PTE | 8 | 12.9 |
| Parenchymal and pleural inflammatory findings | ||
| Ground-glass opacity | 30 | 48.4 |
| Pleural effusion | ||
| -unilateral -bilateral | 17 4 | 27.4 6.5 |
| Consolidation | 18 | 29.0 |
| Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy | 19 | 30.6 |
| Variables | Univariate Ordinal Logistic Regression | |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | p-Value | |
| Sex (Male/Female) | 1.10 (0.43–2.78) | 0.842 |
| Age | 1.04 (0.99–1.08) | 0.077 |
| Daniel’s score | 1.22 (1.10–1.36) | <0.001 |
| WBC | 1.05 (0.92–1.20) | 0.458 |
| Neutrophils | 1.1 (0.95–1.27) | 0.221 |
| IL 6 | 1.01 (0.99–1.01) | 0.182 |
| CRP | 1.01 (0.99–1.01) | 0.116 |
| SII | 1.00012 (0.99989–1.00035) | 0.315 |
| NLR | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | 0.036 |
| PLR | 1.002 (0.999–1.004) | 0.258 |
| dNLR | 1.25 (1.06–1.48) | 0.009 |
| NPR | 143.2 (0–4,278,016.4) | 0.345 |
| LMR | 0.79 (0.55–1.12) | 0.179 |
| Ground-glass opacity | 2.04 (0.8–5.21) | 0.135 |
| Pleural effusions: -unilateral -bilateral | 1.96 (0.68–5.66) 1.06 (0.16–7.06) | 0.216 0.953 |
| Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy | 0.86 (0.27–2.76) | 0.806 |
| Consolidation | 1.23 (0.44–3.38) | 0.695 |
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© 2025 by the authors. Published by MDPI on behalf of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Uzelac, B.; Jakovljević, V.; Živković, V.; Janković, J.; Lazarević, K.; Marković, D.; Laban-Lazović, M.; Jovanović, A.; Đikić, M.; Gujaničić, D.; et al. Prognostic Value of Initial Inflammatory Biomarkers, ECG Findings, and Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Severity. Medicina 2025, 61, 1830. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61101830
Uzelac B, Jakovljević V, Živković V, Janković J, Lazarević K, Marković D, Laban-Lazović M, Jovanović A, Đikić M, Gujaničić D, et al. Prognostic Value of Initial Inflammatory Biomarkers, ECG Findings, and Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Severity. Medicina. 2025; 61(10):1830. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61101830
Chicago/Turabian StyleUzelac, Bojana, Vladimir Jakovljević, Vladimir Živković, Jelena Janković, Katarina Lazarević, Danilo Marković, Marija Laban-Lazović, Andrija Jovanović, Marina Đikić, Dušica Gujaničić, and et al. 2025. "Prognostic Value of Initial Inflammatory Biomarkers, ECG Findings, and Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Severity" Medicina 61, no. 10: 1830. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61101830
APA StyleUzelac, B., Jakovljević, V., Živković, V., Janković, J., Lazarević, K., Marković, D., Laban-Lazović, M., Jovanović, A., Đikić, M., Gujaničić, D., Milićević-Nešić, I., & Stanković, S. (2025). Prognostic Value of Initial Inflammatory Biomarkers, ECG Findings, and Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Severity. Medicina, 61(10), 1830. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61101830

