Optimal Indocyanine Green Dosage for Repetitive Angiography for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Sample Size Calculation
2.3. ICG Dosage Protocol
2.4. Fluorescence Image Processing
2.5. Quantitative Perfusion Analysis
2.6. Outcomes
2.7. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Patients
3.2. Quantitative Perfusion Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NIR | near-infrared |
ICG | indocyanine green |
FI | fluorescence intensity |
ASA | American Society of Anesthesiologists |
SMA | superior mesenteric artery |
MCA | middle colic artery |
ICA | ileocolic artery |
ROI | region of interest |
RGB | red, green, and blue color channels |
ENV | endoscopic near-infrared visualization |
AI | artificial intelligence |
T1/2MAX | time to reach half of the maximum FI |
TMAX | time taken to reach the maximum FI |
TR | perfusion time ratio (T1/2MAX/TMAX), the ratio of fluorescence expression time |
F1/2MAX | half of maximum FI |
FMAX | maximum brightness of FI |
Slope | (FMAX/TMAX), the slope of the rising curve from the initial to maximum FI |
ANOVA | analysis of variance |
BMI | body mass index |
References
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n | Initial Dose | Second Dose | Total Dose | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 | 3 | 0.01 mg/kg | 0.2 mg/kg | 0.21 mg/kg |
Group 2 | 3 | 0.02 mg/kg | 0.2 mg/kg | 0.22 mg/kg |
Group 3 | 3 | 0.03 mg/kg | 0.2 mg/kg | 0.23 mg/kg |
Group 4 | 3 | 0.04 mg/kg | 0.2 mg/kg | 0.24 mg/kg |
Group 5 | 3 | 0.05 mg/kg | 0.2 mg/kg | 0.25 mg/kg |
Clinical Variables | n (%) | |
---|---|---|
Age (yr) | mean ± SD | 67.1 ± 11.7 |
Sex | male | 11 (73.3) |
female | 4 (26.7) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | mean ± SD | 24.1 ± 3.5 |
ASA score | 1 | 5 (33.3) |
2 | 10 (66.7) | |
Hypertension | positive | 7 (46.7) |
Diabetes mellitus | positive | 1 (6.7) |
Smoking | positive | 3 (20.0) |
Cardiovascular disease | positive | 2 (13.3) |
Chronic liver disease | positive | 0 |
Pathologic stage | I | 7 (46.6) |
II | 4 (26.7) | |
III | 4 (26.7) | |
Anastomotic complication | positive | 0 |
Reoperation | positive | 0 |
Ileus | positive | 1 (6.7) |
Variables | Group 1 (n = 450) | Group 2 (n = 450) | Group 3 (n = 450) | Group 4 (n = 450) | Group 5 (n = 450) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Analysis accessibility | 48.00 ± 21.40 A | 100.00 ± 0.00 B | 88.00 ± 16.41 B | 100.00 ± 0.00 B | 84.67 ± 17.70 C | 0.007 |
TR (<0.6) | 43.53 ± 17.28 A | 91.57 ± 12.88 B | 87.10 ± 17.40 B | 100.00 ± 0.00 B | 83.80 ± 19.12 C | 0.008 |
Slope (>4.0) | 23.10 ± 40.01 A | 99.10 ± 1.56 B | 77.57 ± 34.37 C | 100.00 ± 0.00 B | 75.43 ± 27.97 C | 0.032 |
AI-perfusion pattern | 14.23 ± 24.66 A | 97.10 ± 5.02 B | 74.00 ± 45.03 C | 100.00 ± 0.00 B | 66.43 ± 35.49 C | 0.023 |
Variables | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 216) | (n = 450) | (n = 396) | (n = 450) | (n = 381) | ||
TR | 0.43 ± 0.11 A [0.35; 0.51] | 0.45 ± 0.09 B [0.39; 0.50] | 0.35 ± 0.08 C [0.30; 0.39] | 0.38 ± 0.07 D [0.32; 0.43] | 0.38 ± 0.07 D [0.33; 0.44] | <0.001 |
Slope | 3.70 ± 2.17 A [1.85; 5.57] | 13.93 ± 6.51 B [6.58; 19.92] | 13.92 ± 6.33 B [7.86; 17.87] | 17.06 ± 6.01 C [12.63; 22.51] | 7.48 ± 3.08 D [5.47; 9.18] | <0.001 |
T1/2MAX | 2.61 ± 1.00 A [1.97; 3.14] | 3.41 ± 0.97 B [2.72; 4.05] | 2.45 ± 0.64 A [2.09; 2.75] | 2.68 ± 0.98 A [1.43; 3.57] | 3.90 ± 2.19 C [2.14; 6.27] | <0.001 |
TMAX | 5.92 ± 1.35 A [5.09; 6.27] | 7.84 ± 2.79 B [5.74; 10.34] | 7.28 ± 1.36 C [6.64; 7.76] | 7.01 ± 2.03 C [4.77; 8.91] | 9.53 ± 5.14 D [5.17; 15.02] | <0.001 |
F1/2MAX | 10.74 ± 6.61 A [5.03; 17.26] | 47.99 ± 17.22 B [33.37; 68.21] | 49.81 ± 20.97 B [24.32; 64.78] | 54.52 ± 6.64 C [49.57; 59.72] | 35.13 ± 16.27 D [22.78; 47.41] | <0.001 |
FMAX | 21.40 ± 13.24 A [9.74; 34.35] | 95.64 ± 34.23 B [66.51; 135.91] | 98.88 ± 41.59 B [48.44; 129.09] | 108.68 ± 13.20 C [98.91; 119.25] | 70.29 ± 32.59 D [45.46; 95.59] | <0.001 |
Variables | Group 1 (n = 216) | Group 2 (n = 450) | Group 3 (n = 396) | Group 4 (n = 450) | Group 5 (n = 381) | Factor | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TR | Ind 1 | 0.43 ± 0.13 | 0.54 ± 0.06 | 0.36 ± 0.10 | 0.36 ± 0.05 | 0.39 ± 0.08 | Group | <0.001 |
Ind 2 | 0.42 ± 0.09 | 0.43 ± 0.06 | 0.36 ± 0.11 | 0.45 ± 0.05 | 0.38 ± 0.08 | Ind | <0.001 | |
Ind 3 | 0.42 ± 0.07 | 0.38 ± 0.06 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.32 ± 0.04 | 0.37 ± 0.07 | Group × Ind | <0.001 | |
Slope | Ind 1 | 5.53 ± 1.19 | 20.83 ± 1.9 | 18.19 ± 3.42 | 13.16 ± 1.28 | 10.47 ± 2.69 | Group | <0.001 |
Ind 2 | 2.40 ± 0.74 | 15.04 ± 3.12 | 4.51 ± 1.65 | 13.10 ± 1.75 | 6.03 ± 1.43 | Ind | <0.001 | |
Ind 3 | 1.25 ± 1.05 | 5.93 ± 0.92 | 16.53 ± 2.63 | 24.93 ± 3.27 | 5.66 ± 2.31 | Group × Ind | <0.001 | |
T1/2MAX | Ind 1 | 2.59 ± 0.81 | 3.60 ± 0.30 | 2.37 ± 0.68 | 3.23 ± 0.50 | 2.39 ± 0.41 | Group | <0.001 |
Ind 2 | 2.27 ± 0.73 | 2.34 ± 0.60 | 2.58 ± 0.90 | 3.42 ± 0.34 | 6.50 ± 0.80 | Ind | <0.001 | |
Ind 3 | 3.02 ± 1.41 | 4.30 ± 0.64 | 2.44 ± 0.27 | 1.39 ± 0.09 | 2.07 ± 0.79 | Group × Ind | <0.001 | |
TMAX | Ind 1 | 6.02 ± 0.80 | 6.71 ± 0.58 | 6.81 ± 1.12 | 8.94 ± 0.75 | 6.42 ± 1.69 | Group | <0.001 |
Ind 2 | 5.43 ± 1.11 | 5.53 ± 1.54 | 7.69 ± 1.96 | 7.66 ± 0.89 | 16.13 ± 1.76 | Ind | <0.001 | |
Ind 3 | 6.20 ± 2.16 | 11.28 ± 1.45 | 7.46 ± 0.85 | 4.43 ± 0.48 | 5.28 ± 1.05 | Group × Ind | <0.001 | |
F1/2MAX | Ind 1 | 16.57 ± 3.39 | 70.05 ± 2.94 | 62.28 ± 7.59 | 58.71 ± 4.91 | 31.61 ± 3.38 | Group | <0.001 |
Ind 2 | 6.38 ± 1.82 | 40.61 ± 9.66 | 16.61 ± 4.75 | 49.74 ± 5.68 | 51.62 ± 9.11 | Ind | <0.001 | |
Ind 3 | 3.21 ± 2.19 | 33.33 ± 5.57 | 61.03 ± 7.18 | 55.11 ± 5.96 | 14.69 ± 5.87 | Group × Ind | <0.001 | |
FMAX | Ind 1 | 33.08 ± 6.74 | 139.44 ± 6.12 | 123.16 ± 14.84 | 117.06 ± 9.86 | 63.11 ± 6.70 | Group | <0.001 |
Ind 2 | 12.66 ± 3.66 | 80.97 ± 19.15 | 32.98 ± 9.43 | 99.33 ± 11.25 | 103.46 ± 17.84 | Ind | <0.001 | |
Ind 3 | 6.27 ± 4.27 | 66.50 ± 11.12 | 121.58 ± 14.29 | 109.67 ± 11.91 | 29.26 ± 11.73 | Group × Ind | <0.001 |
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Son, G.M.; Park, S.-H.; Kim, N.S.; Yun, M.S.; Lee, I.Y.; Kwon, M.-S.; Kim, T.K.; Lee, E.H.; Hwang, E.J.; Baek, K.-R. Optimal Indocyanine Green Dosage for Repetitive Angiography for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery. Medicina 2024, 60, 1966. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60121966
Son GM, Park S-H, Kim NS, Yun MS, Lee IY, Kwon M-S, Kim TK, Lee EH, Hwang EJ, Baek K-R. Optimal Indocyanine Green Dosage for Repetitive Angiography for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery. Medicina. 2024; 60(12):1966. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60121966
Chicago/Turabian StyleSon, Gyung Mo, Sang-Ho Park, Nam Su Kim, Mi Sook Yun, In Young Lee, Myeong-Sook Kwon, Tae Kyun Kim, Eun Hwa Lee, Eun Jung Hwang, and Kwang-Ryul Baek. 2024. "Optimal Indocyanine Green Dosage for Repetitive Angiography for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery" Medicina 60, no. 12: 1966. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60121966
APA StyleSon, G. M., Park, S.-H., Kim, N. S., Yun, M. S., Lee, I. Y., Kwon, M.-S., Kim, T. K., Lee, E. H., Hwang, E. J., & Baek, K.-R. (2024). Optimal Indocyanine Green Dosage for Repetitive Angiography for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery. Medicina, 60(12), 1966. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60121966