The Effects of Pre-Season and Relationships with Physical, Physiological, Body Composition, and Load Markers: A Case Study Comparing Starters versus Non-Starters from an Elite Female Professional Soccer Team
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Training Information
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Anthropometric and Body Composition
2.6. Physical Assessments
2.6.1. Hand Grip Strength
2.6.2. Jump Tests
2.6.3. Eccentric Utilization Ratio (EUR)
2.6.4. Lower Extremity Stretch-Shortening Cycle (SSC)
2.6.5. Limb Symmetry Index
2.6.6. Sprint Test (30 m)
2.6.7. Illinois Agility Test
2.7. Physiological Test
2.8. Internal Load Quantification
2.9. External Load Quantification
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Oliveira, R.; Brito, J.P.; Moreno-Villanueva, A.; Nalha, M.; Rico-González, M.; Clemente, F.M. Range values for external and internal intensity monitoring in female soccer players: A systematic review. Int. J. Sports Sci. Coach. 2022, 17, 1506–1530. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harkness-Armstrong, A.; Till, K.; Datson, N.; Myhill, N.; Emmonds, S. A systematic review of match-play characteristics in women’s soccer. PLoS ONE 2022, 17, e0268334. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Costa, J.A.; Rago, V.; Brito, P.; Figueiredo, P.; Sousa, A.; Abade, E.; Brito, J. Training in women soccer players: A systematic review on training load monitoring. Front. Physiol. 2022, 13, 943857. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- McFadden, B.A.; Walker, A.J.; Bozzini, B.N.; Sanders, D.J.; Arent, S.M. Comparison of Internal and External Training Loads in Male and Female Collegiate Soccer Players during Practices vs. Games. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2020, 34, 969–974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kupperman, N.; DeJong, A.F.; Alston, P.; Hertel, J.; Saliba, S.A. Athlete Workloads during Collegiate Women’s Soccer Practice: Implications for Return to Play. J. Athl. Train. 2021, 56, 321–330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jagim, A.R.; Askow, A.T.; Carvalho, V.; Murphy, J.; Luedke, J.A.; Erickson, J.L. Seasonal Accumulated Workloads in Collegiate Women’s Soccer: A Comparison of Starters and Reserves. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2022, 7, 11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oliveira, R.; Francisco, R.; Fernandes, R.; Martins, A.; Nobari, H.; Clemente, F.M. In-Season Body Composition Effects in Professional Women Soccer Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12023. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rodrigues, J.; Rodrigues, F.; Resende, R.; Espada, M.; Santos, F. Mixed Method Research on Football Coaches’ Competitive Behavior. Front. Psychol. 2021, 12, 705557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Impellizzeri, F.M.; Marcora, S.M.; Coutts, A.J. Internal and External Training Load: 15 Years on Training Load: Internal and External Load Theoretical Framework: The Training Process. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2019, 14, 270–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Helwig, J.; Diels, J.; Röll, M.; Mahler, H.; Gollhofer, A.; Roecker, K.; Willwacher, S. Relationships between External, Wearable Sensor-Based, and Internal Parameters: A Systematic Review. Sensors 2023, 23, 827. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Furtado Mesa, M.; Stout, J.R.; Redd, M.J.; Fukuda, D.H. Accumulated Workload Differences in Collegiate Women’s Soccer: Starters versus Substitutes. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2023, 8, 78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Teixeira, J.E.; Forte, P.; Ferraz, R.; Leal, M.; Ribeiro, J.; Silva, A.J.; Barbosa, T.M.; Monteiro, A.M. Monitoring accumulated training and match load in football: A systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3906. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Weaving, D.; Beggs, C.; Dalton-Barron, N.; Jones, B.; Abt, G. Visualizing the complexity of the athlete-monitoring cycle through principal-component analysis. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2019, 14, 1304–1310. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fernandes, R.; Martins, A.D.; Clemente, F.M.; Brito, J.P.; Nobari, H.; Reis, V.; Oliveira, R. Variations of distance and accelerometry-based GPS measures and their influence on body composition in professional women soccer players. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part P J. Sports Eng. Technol. 2022, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fernandes, R.; Ibrahim, H.; Clemente, F.M.; Martins, A.D.; Nobari, H.; Reis, V.M.; Oliveira, R. In-Season Microcycle Quantification of Professional Women Soccer Players—External, Internal and Wellness Measures. Healthcare 2022, 10, 695. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Doyle, B.; Browne, D.; Horan, D. Quantification of internal and external training load during a training camp in senior international female footballers. Sci. Med. Footb. 2021, 6, 7–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Romero-Moraleda, B.; González-García, J.; Morencos, E.; Giráldez-Costas, V.; Moya, J.; Ramirez-Campillo, R. Internal workload in elite female football players during the whole in-season: Starters vs. non-starters. Biol. Sport 2023, 40, 1107–1115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fernandes, R.; Brito, J.P.; Vieira, L.H.P.; Martins, A.D.; Clemente, F.M.; Nobari, H.; Reis, V.M.; Oliveira, R. In-season internal load and wellness variations in professional women soccer players: Comparisons between playing positions and status. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12817. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Malone, J.J.; Di Michele, R.; Morgans, R.; Burgess, D.; Morton, J.P.; Drust, B. Seasonal training-load quantification in elite English Premier League soccer players. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2015, 10, 489–497. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stevens, T.; Ruiter, C.; Twisk, L.; Savelsbergh, G.; Beek, P. Quantification of in-season training load relative to match load in professional Dutch Eredivisie football players. Sci. Med. Footb. 2017, 1, 117–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- González-Fernández, F.T.; Martínez-Aranda, L.M.; Falces-Prieto, M.; Nobari, H.; Clemente, F.M. Exploring the Y-Balance-Test scores and inter-limb asymmetry in soccer players: Differences between competitive level and field positions. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil. 2022, 14, 1–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lohman, T.G.; Roche, A.F.; Martorell, R. Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual, 1st ed.; Human Kinetics Books: Champaign, IL, USA, 1988. [Google Scholar]
- Yang, E.M.; Park, E.; Ahn, Y.H.; Choi, H.J.; Kang, H.G. Measurement of Fluid Status Using Bioimpedance Methods in Korean Pediatric Patients on Hemodialysis. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2017, 32, 1828–1834. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Buckinx, F.; Reginster, J.; Dardenne, N.; Croisiser, J.; Kaux, J.; Beaudart, C.; Slomian, J.; Bruyère, O. Concordance between muscle mass assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: A cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 2015, 15, 1–7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Steward, A.; Marfell-Jones, M.; Olds, T.; de Ridder, H. International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment, 3rd ed.; International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry: Lower Hutt, New Zealand, 2011. [Google Scholar]
- Incel, N.A.; Ceceli, E.; Durukan, P.B.; Erdem, H.R.; Yorgancioglu, Z.R. Grip strength: Effect of hand dominance. Singap. Med. J. 2002, 43, 234–237. [Google Scholar]
- França, C.; Ihle, A.; Marques, A.; Sarmento, H.; Martins, F.; Henriques, R.; Gouveia, É.R. Physical Development Differences between Professional Soccer Players from Different Competitive Levels. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 7343. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martins, F.; Przednowek, K.; França, C.; Lopes, H.; de Maio Nascimento, M.; Sarmento, H.; Marques, A.; Ihle, A.; Henriques, R.; Gouveia, É.R. Predictive Modeling of Injury Risk Based on Body Composition and Selected Physical Fitness Tests for Elite Football Players. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 4923. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rhodes, D.; Jeffery, J.; Carling, C.; Alexander, J. The association between grip strength and isometric mid-thigh pull performance in elite footballers. Sci. Sports 2022, 37, e1–e147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gerodimos, V. Reliability of handgrip strength test in basketball players. J. Hum. Kinet. 2012, 31, 25–36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bosco, C.; Luhtanen, P.; Komi, P.V. A simple method for measurement of mechanical power in jumping. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 1983, 50, 273–282. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Linthorne, N.P. Analysis of standing vertical jumps using a force platform. Am. J. Phys. 2001, 69, 1198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Blas, X.; Padullés, J.M.; Del Amo, J.L.L.; Guerra-Balic, M. Creación y validación de Chronojump-Boscosystem: Un instrumento libre para la medición de saltos verticales. RICYDE Rev. Int. Cienc. Deport. 2012, 8, 334–356. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McGuigan, M.R.; Doyle, T.L.A.; Newton, M.; Edwards, D.J.; Nimphius, S.; Newton, R.U. Eccentric utilization ratio: Effect of sport and phase of training. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2006, 20, 992–995. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Komi, P.V.; Bosco, C. Utilization of stored elastic energy in leg extensor muscles by men and women. Med. Sci. Sports 1978, 10, 261–265. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Bishop, C.; Read, P.; Lake, J.; Chavda, S.; Turner, A. Interlimb asymmetries: Understanding how to calculate differences from bilateral and unilateral tests. Strength Cond. J. 2018, 40, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hachana, Y.; Chaabène, H.; Nabli, M.A.; Attia, A.; Moualhi, J.; Farhat, N.; Elloumi, M. Test-retest reliability, criterion-related validity, and minimal detectable change of the Illinois agility test in male team sport athletes. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2013, 27, 2752–2759. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bradley, P.S.; Bendiksen, M.; Dellal, A.; Mohr, M.; Wilkie, A.; Datson, N.; Orntoft, C.; Zebis, M.; Gomez-Diaz, A.; Bangsbo, J.; et al. The Application of the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Level 2 Test to Elite Female Soccer Populations. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2014, 24, 43–54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Borg, G. Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales; Human Kinetics: Champaign IL, USA, 1998; ISBN 0880116234. [Google Scholar]
- Foster, C.; Florhaug, J.A.; Franklin, J.; Gottschall, L.; Hrovatin, L.A.; Praker, S.; Doleshal, P.; Dodge, C. A New Approach to Monitoring Exercise Training. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2001, 15, 109–115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Foster, C.; Hector, L.L.; Welsh, R.; Schrager, M.; Green, M.A.; Snyder, A.C. Effects of specific versus cross-training on running performance. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 1995, 70, 367–372. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Scott, M.T.U.; Scott, T.J.; Kelly, V.G. The Validity and Reliability of Global Positioning Systems in Team Sport. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2016, 30, 1470–1490. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ravé, G.; Granacher, U.; Boullosa, D.; Hackney, A.C. How to Use Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Data to Monitor Training Load in the “Real World” of Elite Soccer. Front. Physiol. 2020, 11, 944. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Romero-moraleda, B.; Nedergaard, N.J.; Morencos, E.; Ramirez-campillo, R.; Vanrenterghem, J.; Nedergaard, N.J.; Morencos, E. External and internal loads during the competitive season in professional female soccer players according to their playing position: Differences between training and competition. Res. Sports Med. 2021, 29, 449–461. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hopkins, W.G.; Marshall, S.W.; Batterham, A.M.; Hanin, J. Progressive Statistics for Studies in Sports Medicine and Exercise Science. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2009, 41, 3–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Castillo-Rodríguez, A.; González-Téllez, J.L.; Figueiredo, A.; Chinchilla-Minguet, J.L.; Onetti-Onetti, W. Starters and non-starters soccer players in competition: Is physical performance increased by the substitutions? BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil. 2023, 15, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Espada, M.C.; Jardim, M.; Assunção, R.; Estaca, A.; Ferreira, C.C.; Pessôa Filho, D.M.; Verardi, C.E.L.; Gamonales, J.M.; Santos, F.J. Lower Limb Unilateral and Bilateral Strength Asymmetry in High-Level Male Senior and Professional Football Players. Healthcare 2023, 11, 1579. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Savolainen, E.H.J.; Vänttinen, T.; Ihalainen, J.K.; Walker, S. Physical qualities and body composition predictors of running performance in national level women’s official soccer matches. Biol. Sport 2023, 40, 1187–1195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Slimani, M.; Nikolaidis, P.T. Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of male soccer players according to their competitive level, playing position and age group: A systematic review. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. 2019, 59, 141–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Silva, A.F.; Clemente, F.M.; Leão, C.; Oliveira, R.; Badicu, G.; Nobari, H.; Poli, L.; Carvutto, R.; Greco, G.; Fischetti, F.; et al. Physical Fitness Variations between Those Playing More and Those Playing Less Time in the Matches: A Case-Control Study in Youth Soccer Players. Children 2022, 9, 1786. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Variables | Starters | Non-Starters | t-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Training duration (min) | 81.68 ± 1.82 | 80.52 ± 1.61 | 1.262 | 0.231 |
RPE (AU) | 5.25 ± 0.46 | 5.48 ± 0.77 | −0.696 | 0.500 |
s-RPE (AU) | 414.26 ± 46.84 | 353.31 ± 117.13 | 1.278 | 0.225 |
Total distance (m/min) | 49.67 ± 2.36 | 46.47 ± 9.77 | 0.841 | 0.417 |
HSR (m/min) | 4.55 ± 0.95 | 4.29 ± 0.96 | 0.521 | 0.612 |
Acceleration 1 (nr/min) | 1.21 ± 0.15 | 1.21 ± 0.14 | 0.043 | 0.966 |
Acceleration 2 (nr/min) | 0.77 ± 0.06 | 0.72 ± 0.12 | 1.023 | 0.326 |
Acceleration 3 (nr/min) | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.301 | 0.769 |
Acceleration 4 (nr/min) | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.2 | −1.076 | 0.303 |
Deceleration 1 (nr/min) | 1.08 ± 0.14 | 1.05 ± 0.18 | 0.393 | 0.701 |
Deceleration 2 (nr/min) | 0.69 ± 0.06 | 0.70 ± 0.10 | −0.212 | 0.835 |
Deceleration 3 (nr/min) | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | −0.530 | 0.606 |
Deceleration 4 (nr/min) | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | −0.376 | 0.714 |
PL (AU/min) | 2.42 ± 0.10 | 2.54 ± 0.29 | −1.028 | 0.324 |
Variables | Assessments | Starters | Non-Starters | t-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hand grip strength | Baseline | 31.99 ± 6.29 | 30.46 ± 3.01 | 0.580 | 0.573 |
Dominant arm (kg) | Post-training | 31.21 ± 5.31 | 30.21 ± 2.74 | 0.443 | 0.666 |
Hand grip strength | Baseline | 30.89 ± 5.79 | 29.13 ± 3.30 | 0.698 | 0.499 |
Non-dominant arm (kg) | Post-training | 28.84 ± 5.50 | 29.07 ± 4.91 | −0.082 | 0.936 |
SJ (cm) | Baseline | 26.57 ± 3.73 | 26.96 ± 3.00 | −0.213 | 0.835 |
Post-training | 27.57 ± 3.29 | 27.29 ± 3.43 | 0.159 | 0.876 | |
CMJ (cm) | Baseline | 28.21 ± 4.81 | 28.43 ± 3.73 | −0.093 | 0.927 |
Post-training | 28.62 ± 4.04 | 28.61 ± 4.51 | 0.06 | 0.995 | |
EUR (AU) | Baseline | 1.06 ± 0.06 | 1.05 ± 0.04 | 0.210 | 0.838 |
Post-training | 1.03 ± 0.04 | 1.04 ± 0.05 | −0.406 | 0.692 | |
SSC (%) | Baseline | 5.95 ± 5.90 | 5.29 ± 3.99 | 0.245 | 0.810 |
Post-training | 3.65 ± 4.34 | 4.58 ± 4.80 | −0.377 | 0.713 | |
DJ (cm) | Baseline | 27.31 ± 3.70 | 29.26 ± 4.23 | −0.915 | 0.378 |
Post-training | 29.53 ± 3.79 | 28.26 ± 4.77 | 0.552 | 0.591 | |
Single CMJ | Baseline | 14.87 ± 3.78 | 13.89 ± 1.52 | 0.640 | 0.534 |
Dominant leg (cm) | Post-training | 14.51 ± 2.18 | 14.69 ± 2.15 | −0.148 | 0.885 |
Single CMJ | Baseline | 15.40 ± 2.59 | 14.70 ± 2.50 | 0.515 | 0.616 |
Non dominant leg (cm) | Post-training | 15.11 ± 2.28 | 15.69 ± 2.43 | −0.454 | 0.658 |
LSI | Baseline | 105.48 ± 11.31 | 105.52 ± 12.18 | −0.005 | 0.996 |
(CMJ, %) | Post-training | 104.38 ± 8.17 | 106.92 ± 9.15 | −0.583 | 0.570 |
Single DJ | Baseline | 14.31 ± 3.46 | 13.80 ± 1.92 | 0.343 | 0.737 |
Dominant leg (cm) | Post-training | 18.80 ± 1.53 | 15.56 ± 2.28 | −0.728 | 0.480 |
Single DJ | Baseline | 15.84 ± 3.53 | 14.53 ± 2.20 | 0.836 | 0.419 |
Non-dominant leg (cm) | Post-training | 15.39 ± 1.62 | 15.84 ± 3.63 | −0.304 | 0.766 |
LSI | Baseline | 111.65 ± 14.27 | 105.95 ± 16.38 | 0.694 | 0.501 |
(DJ, %) | Post-training | 104.08 ± 6.18 | 101.12 ± 13.39 | 0.532 | 0.604 |
30 m (s) | Baseline | 4.92 ± 0.28 | 4.83 ± 0.23 | 0.666 | 0.519 |
Post-training | 4.89 ± 0.31 | 4.72 ± 0.24 | 1.060 | 0.310 | |
Agility (s) | Baseline | 16.34 ± 0.44 | 16.06 ± 0.27 | 1.331 | 0.210 |
Post-training | 16.20 ± 0.37 | 16.04 ± 0.33 | 0.850 | 0.412 | |
VO2max (mL/kg/min) | Baseline | 49.73 ± 1.15 | 49.41 ± 0.69 | 0.613 | 0.551 |
Post-training | 49.96 ± 1.43 | 49.72 ± 1.38 | 0.311 | 0.761 | |
Body weight (kg) | Baseline | 62.50 ± 7.88 | 55.77 ± 3.69 | 2.046 | 0.073 |
Post-training | 63.80 ± 8.13 | 55.99 ± 4.29 | 2.249 | 0.054 | |
Body fat mass (kg) | Baseline | 11.70 ± 2.80 | 11.91 ± 2.61 | −0.148 | 0.885 |
Post-training | 12.59 ± 2.55 | 11.34 ± 3.18 | 0.807 | 0.435 | |
Soft lean mass (kg) | Baseline | 47.78 ± 7.02 | 41.24 ± 3.71 | 2.169 | 0.058 |
Post-training | 48.10 ± 6.29 | 41.97 ± 4.13 | 2.154 | 0.052 | |
Fat-free mass (kg) | Baseline | 50.80 ± 7.50 | 43.86 ± 3.92 | 2.170 | 0.058 |
Post-training | 51.21 ± 6.71 | 44.64 ± 4.37 | 2.171 | 0.051 | |
ICW (L) | Baseline | 23.34 ± 3.55 | 20.09 ± 1.75 | 2.176 | 0.058 |
Post-training | 23.51 ± 3.12 | 20.51 ± 1.99 | 2.147 | 0.053 | |
ECW (L) | Baseline | 13.70 ± 1.86 | 11.94 ± 1.19 | 2.107 | 0.061 |
Post-training | 13.79 ± 1.76 | 12.06 ± 1.23 | 2.129 | 0.055 | |
TBW (L) | Baseline | 37.04 ± 5.39 | 32.03 ± 2.96 | 2.162 | 0.058 |
Post-training | 37.30 ± 4.87 | 32.57 ± 3.20 | 2.148 | 0.053 | |
ECW/TBW | Baseline | 0.37 ± 0.006 | 0.37 ± 0.006 | −0.771 | 0.456 |
Post-training | 0.37 ± 0.004 | 0.37 ± 0.005 | −0.108 | 0.915 | |
ECW/ICW | Baseline | 0.59 ± 0.02 | 0.59 ± 0.01 | −0.708 | 0.492 |
Post-training | 0.59 ± 0.01 | 0.59 ± 0.01 | −0.160 | 0.876 | |
TBW/fat-free mass | Baseline | 72.96 ± 0.23 | 73.03 ± 0.15 | −0.740 | 0.474 |
Post-training | 72.88 ± 0.12 | 72.94 ± 0.18 | −0.693 | 0.502 | |
Phase Angle (θ. 50 kHz) | Baseline | 6.60 ± 0.58 | 6.24 ± 0.54 | 0.752 | 0.254 |
Post-training | 6.56 ± 0.37 | 6.51 ± 0.46 | 0.565 | 0.851 |
Variables | Baseline | Post-Test | t-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hand grip strength DA (kg) | 31.22 ± 4.80 | 30.71 ± 4.09 | 0.700 | 0.496 |
Hand grip strength NDA (kg) | 30.01 ± 4.62 | 28.96 ± 5.01 | 1.008 | 0.332 |
SJ (cm) | 26.76 ± 3.26 | 27.43 ± 3.23 | −1.798 | 0.095 |
CMJ (cm) | 28.32 ± 4.14 | 28.62 ± 4.12 | −0.653 | 0.525 |
EUR (AU) | 1.06 ± 0.05 | 1.04 ± 0.05 | 0.919 | 0.375 |
SSC (%) | 5.62 ± 4.86 | 4.12 ± 4.42 | 1.054 | 0.311 |
DJ (cm) | 28.29 ± 3.94 | 28.89 ± 4.19 | −0.720 | 0.484 |
Single CMJ DL (cm) | 14.38 ± 2.81 | 14.60 ± 2.09 | −0.327 | 0.749 |
Single CMJ NDL (cm) | 15.05 ± 2.47 | 15.40 ± 2.28 | −0.645 | 0.530 |
LSI (CMJ) | 105.50 ± 11.30 | 105.65 ± 7.95 | −0.043 | 0.966 |
Single DJ DL (cm) | 14.06 ± 2.71 | 15.18 ± 1.91 | −0.761 | 0.102 |
Single DJ NDL (cm) | 15.19 ± 2.91 | 15.61 ± 2.71 | −0.580 | 0.572 |
LSI (DJ) | 108.80 ± 15.05 | 102.60 ± 10.14 | 1.820 | 0.092 |
30 m (s) | 4.88 ± 0.25 | 4.81 ± 0.29 | 0.800 | 0.439 |
Agility (s) | 16.22 ± 0.38 | 16.12 ± 0.36 | 0.852 | 0.411 |
VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 49.57 ± 0.93 | 49.85 ± 1.36 | −1.240 | 0.237 |
Body weight (kg) | 59.14 ± 6.87 | 59.90 ± 7.45 | −2.007 | 0.066 |
Body fat mass (kg) | 11.81 ± 2.60 | 11.96 ± 2.84 | −0.432 | 0.673 |
Soft lean mass (kg) | 44.50 ± 6.37 | 45.04 ± 6.02 | −1.757 | 0.102 |
Fat-free mass (kg) | 47.32 ± 6.79 | 47.92 ± 6.42 | −1.834 | 0.090 |
Intracellular water (L) | 21.71 ± 3.18 | 22.01 ± 2.96 | −1.836 | 0.089 |
Extracellular water (L) | 12.82 ± 1.75 | 12.92 ± 1.71 | −1.165 | 0.265 |
Total Body water (L) | 34.54 ± 4.91 | 34.94 ± 4.66 | −1.706 | 0.112 |
ECW/TBW | 0.37 ± 0.006 | 0.37 ± 0.005 | 1.638 | 0.125 |
ECW/ICW | 0.59 ± 0.02 | 0.59 ± 0.01 | 1.442 | 0.173 |
TBW/fat-free mass | 72.99 ± 0.18 | 72.91 ± 0.15 | 2.242 | 0.043 |
Phase Angle (θ. 50 kHz) | 6.42 ± 0.57 | 6.54 ± 0.40 | −1.055 | 0.311 |
Variables | HG DH | HG NDH | SJ | CMJ | EUR | SSC | DJ | Single CMJ DL | Single CMJ NDL | LSI (CMJ) | Single DJ DL | Single DJ NDL | LSI (DJ) | 30 m | Agility | VO2max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Training duration | r = 0.228 p = 0.434 | r = 0.336 p = 0.240 | r = 0.084 p = 0.774 | r = 0.016 p = 0.956 | r = 0.056 p = 0.849 | r = 0.139 p = 0.635 | r = −0.088 p = 0.764 | r = 0.010 p = 0.972 | r = −0.031 p = 0.916 | r = −0.082 p = 0.781 | r = −0.101 p = 0.731 | r = −0.176 p = 0.547 | r = −0.153 p = 0.601 | r = −0.047 p = 0.874 | r = −0.374 p = 0.188 | r = 0.319 p = 0.266 |
RPE | r = 0.026 p = 0.930 | r = 0.110 p = 0.930 | r = −0.438 p = 0.117 | r = −0.440 p = 0.115 | r = −0.416 p = 0.139 | r = −0.411 p = 0.144 | r = −0.199 p = 0.496 | r = −0.495 p = 0.072 | r = −0.548 p = 0.043 | r = −0.166 p = 0.571 | r = −0.435 p = 0.120 | r = −0.494 p = 0.025 | r = −0.368 p = 0.195 | r = 0.446 p = 0.110 | r = 0.075 p = 0.800 | r = −0.349 p = 0.221 |
s-RPE | r = 0.149 p = 0.610 | r = 0.205 p = 0.483 | r = −0.433 p = 0.122 | r = −0.433 p = 0.122 | r = −0.461 p = 0.097 | r = −0.486 p = 0.078 | r = −0.386 p = 0.173 | r = −0.368 p = 0.195 | r = −0.478 p = 0.084 | r = −0.214 p = 0.463 | r = −0.380 p = 0.180 | r = 0.448 p = 0.108 | r = −1.93 p = 0.509 | r = 0.499 p = 0.069 | r = 0.188 p = 0.520 | r = −0.375 p = 0.186 |
Total distance | r = 0.416 p = 0.140 | r = 0.508 p = 0.064 | r = −0.014 p = 0.961 | r = −0.011 p = 0.969 | r = −0.041 p = 0.889 | r = −0.053 p = 0.856 | r = −0.127 p = 0.665 | r = 0.051 p = 0.862 | r = −0.054 p = 0.854 | r = −0.245 p = 0.398 | r = 0.074 p = 0.801 | r = 0.031 p = 0.915 | r = −0.067 p = 0.820 | r = 0.302 p = 0.295 | r = 0.659 p = 0.010 | r = 0.202 p = 0.488 |
HSR | r = 0.202 p = 0.488 | r = 0.274 p = 0.344 | r = 0.504 p = 0.066 | r = 0.496 p = 0.071 | r = 0.411 p = 0.144 | r = 0.270 p = 0.350 | r = −0.044 p = 0.882 | r = 0.664 p = 0.010 | r = 0.519 p = 0.057 | r = −0.297 p = 0.303 | r = 0.551 p = 0.041 | r = 0.434 p = 0.121 | r = −0.044 p = 0.881 | r = −0.282 p = 0.328 | r = 0.280 p = 0.332 | r = 0.535 p = 0.049 |
Acceleration 1 | r = 0.106 p = 0.717 | r = 0.195 p = 0.504 | r = 0.043 p = 0.884 | r = 0.049 p = 0.867 | r = 0.081 p = 0.784 | r = 0.204 p = 0.483 | r = 0.222 p = 0.446 | r = −0.280 p = 0.332 | r = −0.107 p = 0.717 | r = 0.293 p = 0.309 | r = −0.219 p = 0.458 | r = 0.019 p = 0.950 | r = 0.319 p = 0.267 | r = 0.366 p = 0.198 | r = 0.443 p = 0.198 | r = 0.099 p = 0.736 |
Acceleration 2 | r = 0.083 p = 0.777 | r = 0.112 p = 0.704 | r = 0.253 p = 0.383 | r = 0.247 p = 0.395 | r = 0.271 p = 0.349 | r = 0.367 p = 0.196 | r = 0.253 p = 0.382 | r = −0.017 p = 0.954 | r = 0.201 p = 0.490 | r = 0.443 p = 0.113 | r = 0.125 p = 0.670 | r = 0.299 p = 0.299 | r = 0.281 p = 0.331 | r = 0.143 p = 0.625 | r = 0.403 p = 0.154 | r = 0.258 p = 0.374 |
Acceleration 3 | r = 0.246 p = 0.397 | r = 0.092 p = 0.753 | r = 0.422 p = 0.133 | r = 0.439 p = 0.116 | r = 0.437 p = 0.118 | r = 0.432 p = 0.123 | r = 0.317 p = 0.270 | r = 0.411 p = 0.144 | r = 0.532 p = 0.050 | r = 0.255 p = 0.379 | r = 0.374 p = 0.187 | r = 0.547 p = 0.043 | r = 0.329 p = 0.251 | r = −0.291 p = 0.312 | r = 0.264 p = 0.362 | r = 0.530 p = 0.051 |
Acceleration 4 | r = 0.280 p = 0.333 | r = 0.147 p = 0.616 | r = 0.650 p = 0.012 | r = 0.664 p = 0.010 | r = 0.654 p = 0.011 | r = 0.554 p = 0.040 | r = 0.422 p = 0.133 | r = 0.690 p = 0.006 | r = 0.673 p = 0.008 | r = −0.010 p = 0.974 | r = 0.690 p = 0.006 | r = 0.650 p = 0.012 | r = 0.091 p = 0.756 | r = −0.443 p = 0.113 | r = 0.092 p = 0.754 | r = 0.541 p = 0.046 |
Deceleration 1 | r = 0.116 p = 0.694 | r = 0.188 p = 0.521 | r = 0.062 p = 0.832 | r = 0.075 p = 0.799 | r = 0.106 p = 0.717 | r = 0.212 p = 0.464 | r = 0.226 p = 0.436 | r = −0.182 p = 0.533 | r = −0.101 p = 0.731 | r = 0.087 p = 0.768 | r = −0.175 p = 0.549 | r = −0.019 p = 0.948 | r = 0.170 p = 0.560 | r = 0.395 p = 0.163 | r = 0.474 p = 0.087 | r = 0.282 p = 0.329 |
Deceleration 2 | r = −0.026 p = 0.930 | r = −0.097 p = 0.741 | r = 0.376 p = 0.185 | r = 0.397 p = 0.160 | r = 0.451 p = 0.106 | r = 0.545 p = 0.044 | r = 0.583 p = 0.029 | r = 0.041 p = 0.889 | r = 0.339 p = 0.235 | r = 0.616 p = 0.019 | r = 0.251 p = 0.388 | r = 0.479 p = 0.083 | r = 0.422 p = 0.133 | r = 0.015 p = 0.960 | r = 0.298 p = 0.300 | r = 0.148 p = 0.613 |
Deceleration 3 | r = 0.135 p = 0.644 | r = 0.211 p = 0.469 | r = 0.693 p = 0.006 | r = 0.653 p = 0.011 | r = 0.627 p = 0.016 | r = 0.557 p = 0.038 | r = 0.204 p = 0.483 | r = 0.554 p = 0.040 | r = 0.641 p = 0.013 | r = 0.237 p = 0.414 | r = 0.817 p < 0.001 | r = 0.656 p = 0.011 | r = −0.059 p = 0.840 | r = −0.391 p = 0.167 | r = 0.038 p = 0.897 | r = 0.312 p = 0.278 |
Deceleration 4 | r = 0.180 p = 0.538 | r = 0.157 p = 0.591 | r = 0.311 p = 0.279 | r = 0.305 p = 0.289 | r = 0.236 p = 0.416 | r = 0.117 p = 0.691 | r = −0.113 p = 0.702 | r = 0.399 p = 0.157 | r = 0.414 p = 0.141 | r = 0.021 p = 0.944 | r = 0.420 p = 0.135 | r = 0.339 p = 0.236 | r = −0.074 p = 0.802 | r = −0.339 p = 0.236 | r = 0.130 p = 0.657 | r = 0.322 p = 0.262 |
PL | r = 0.137 p = 0.639 | r = 0.180 p = 0.539 | r = 0.419 p = 0.136 | r = 0.424 p = 0.131 | r = 0.380 p = 0.180 | r = 0.351 p = 0.218 | r = 0.143 p = 0.626 | r = 0.347 p = 0.224 | r = 0.499 p = 0.069 | r = 0.239 p = 0.411 | r = 0.400 p = 0.157 | r = 0.495 p = 0.072 | r = 0.231 p = 0.427 | r = −0.384 p = 0.175 | r = 0.229 p = 0.430 | r = 0.369 p = 0.194 |
Variables | Body Weight | Body Fat Mass | Soft Lean Mass | Fat-Free Mass | ICW | ECW | TBW | ECW/TBW | ECW/ICW | TBW/Fat-Free Mass | Phase Angle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Training duration | r = 0.245 p = 0.398 | r = −0.032 p = 0.915 | r = 0.284 p = 0.325 | r = 0.279 p = 0.335 | r = 0.2294 p = 0.304 | r = 0.242 p = 0.404 | r = 0.276 p = 0.340 | r = −0.219 p = 0.451 | r = −0.366 p = 0.198 | r = −0.010 p = 0.974 | r = 0.440 p = 0.116 |
RPE | r = −0.024 p = 0.935 | r = 0.369 p = 0.194 | r = −0.167 p = 0.568 | r = −0.174 p = 0.552 | r = −0.179 p = 0.541 | r = −0.140 p = 0.632 | r = −0.165 p = 0.572 | r = 0.126 p = 0.667 | r = 0.244 p = 0.401 | r = 0.655 p = 0.011 | r = −0.69 p = 0.814 |
s-RPE | r = 0.257 p = 0.375 | r = 0.294 p = 0.308 | r = 0.166 p = 0.570 | r = 0.160 p = 0.584 | r = 0.156 p = 0.593 | r = 0.185 p = 0.528 | r = 0.167 p = 0.568 | r = −0.038 p = 0.897 | r = 0.124 p = 0.672 | r = 0.494 p = 0.073 | r = −0.049 p = 0.868 |
Total distance | r = 0.438 p = 0.117 | r = 0.025 p = 0.933 | r = 0.467 p = 0.093 | r = 0.464 p = 0.094 | r = 0.463 p = 0.095 | r = 0.472 p = 0.089 | r = 0.468 p = 0.092 | r = 0.019 p = 0.948 | r = −0.089 p = 0.763 | r = 0.071 p = 0.809 | r = 0.322 p = 0.262 |
HSR | r = 0.098 p = 0.738 | r = −0.560 p = 0.037 | r = 0.333 p = 0.245 | r = 0.331 p = 0.248 | r = 0.360 p = 0.206 | r = 0.255 p = 0.379 | r = 0.323 p = 0.260 | r = −0.772 p = 0.001 | r = −0.756 p = 0.002 | r = −0.476 p = 0.085 | r = 0.685 p = 0.007 |
Acceleration 1 | r = 0.165 p = 0.572 | r = 0.273 p = 0.346 | r = 0.066 p = 0.821 | r = 0.070 p = 0.813 | r = 0.068 p = 0.818 | r = 0.066 p = 0.823 | r = 0.067 p = 0.819 | r = 0.076 p = 0.796 | r = −0.054 p = 0.853 | r = −0.278 p = 0.336 | r = 0.198 p = 0.497 |
Acceleration 2 | r = 0.206 p = 0.481 | r = 0.021 p = 0.943 | r = 0.212 p = 0.467 | r = 0.214 p = 0.462 | r = 0.211 p = 0.469 | r = 0.213 p = 0.465 | r = 0.212 p = 0.466 | r = 0.128 p = 0.664 | r = −0.068 p = 0.816 | r = −0.251 p = 0.387 | r = 0.263 p = 0.364 |
Acceleration 3 | r = 0.089 p = 0.763 | r = −0.506 p = 0.065 | r = 0.299 p = 0.299 | r = 0.299 p = 0.299 | r = 0.304 p = 0.291 | r = 0.283 p = 0.326 | r = 0.297 p = 0.302 | r = −0.085 p = 0.774 | r = −0.213 p = 0.465 | r = −0.242 p = 0.404 | r = 0.372 p = 0.190 |
Acceleration 4 | r = −0.016 p = 0.956 | r = −0.460 p = 0.098 | r = 0.169 p = 0.564 | r = 0.167 p = 0.569 | r = 0.183 p = 0.532 | r = 0.135 p = 0.646 | r = 0.166 p = 0.571 | r = −0.342 p = 0.232 | r = −0.349 p = 0.221 | r = −0.148 p = 0.614 | r = 0.395 p = 0.162 |
Deceleration 1 | r = 0.309 p = 0.283 | r = 0.248 p = 0.393 | r = 0.232 p = 0.426 | r = 0.235 p = 0.419 | r = 0.228 p = 0.433 | r = 0.239 p = 0.411 | r = 0.233 p = 0.424 | r = 0.157 p = 0.593 | r = −0.014 p = 0.962 | r = −0.279 p = 0.335 | r = 0.275 p = 0.341 |
Deceleration 2 | r = −0.052 p = 0.859 | r = 0.116 p = 0.692 | r = −0.108 p = 0.714 | r = −0.103 p = 0.725 | r = −0.107 p = 0.716 | r = −0.100 p = 0.733 | r = −0.105 p = 0.721 | r = 0.140 p = 0.633 | r = 0.038 p = 0.897 | r = −0.242 p = 0.405 | r = 0.091 p = 0.757 |
Deceleration 3 | r = −0.026 p = 0.929 | r = −0.289 p = 0.316 | r = 0.089 p = 0.762 | r = 0.087 p = 0.767 | r = 0.104 p = 0.723 | r = 0.052 p = 0.860 | r = 0.085 p = 0.771 | r = −0.277 p = 0.337 | r = −0.386 p = 0.173 | r = −0.127 p = 0.665 | r = 0.333 p = 0.244 |
Deceleration 4 | r = −0.039 p = 0.895 | r = −0.639 p = 0.014 | r = 0.219 p = 0.451 | r = 0.214 p = 0.462 | r = 0.225 p = 0.439 | r = 0.195 p = 0.504 | r = 0.215 p = 0.460 | r = −0.246 p = 0.397 | r = −0.288 p = 0.318 | r = 0.053 p = 0.858 | r = 0.342 p = 0.231 |
PL | r = −0.196 p = 0.502 | r = 0.519 p = 0.057 | r = −0.003 p = 0.991 | r = −0.004 p = 0.990 | r = 0.014 p = 0.963 | r = −0.050 p = 0.865 | r = −0.009 p = 0.975 | r = −0.321 p = 0.264 | r = −0.454 p = 0.103 | r = −0.373 p = 0.189 | r = 0.457 p = 0.101 |
Variables | Body Weight | Body Fat Mass | Soft Lean Mass | Fat-Free Mass | ICW | ECW | TBW | ECW/TBW | ECW/ICW | TBW/Fat-Free Mass | Phase Angle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hand grip strength DH | r = 0.637 p = 0.014 | r = 0.053 p = 0.857 | r = 0.673 p = 0.008 | r = 0.669 p = 0.009 | r = 0.677 p = 0.008 | r = 0.660 p = 0.010 | r = 0.673 p = 0.008 | r = −0.309 p = 0.283 | r = −0.222 p = 0.446 | r = 0.103 p = 0.726 | r = 0.342 p = 0.232 |
Hand grip strength NDH | r = 0.632 p = 0.015 | r = 0.172 p = 0.557 | r = 0.620 p = 0.018 | r = 0.615 p = 0.019 | r = 0.628 p = 0.016 | r = 0.593 p = 0.025 | r = 0.617 p = 0.019 | r = 0.304 p = 0.291 | r = −0.350 p = 0.291 | r = −0.002 p = 0.993 | r = 0.422 p = 0.133 |
SJ | r = 0.243 p = 0.402 | r = −0.189 p = 0.518 | r = 0.337 p = 0.239 | r = 0.339 p = 0.235 | r = 0.359 p = 0.207 | r = 0.275 p = 0.341 | r = 0.330 p = 0.250 | r = −0.494 p = 0.073 | r = −0.611 p = 0.020 | r = −0.648 p = 0.012 | r = 0.603 p = 0.022 |
CMJ | r = 0.264 p = 0.362 | r = −0.188 p = 0.519 | r = 0.358 p = 0.208 | r = 0.361 p = 0.205 | r = 0.379 p = 0.181 | r = 0.302 p = 0.294 | r = 0.352 p = 0.217 | r = −0.500 p = 0.069 | r = −0.573 p = 0.032 | r = −0.640 p = 0.014 | r = 0.587 p = 0.027 |
EUR | r = 0.260 p = 0.370 | r = −0.130 p = 0.657 | r = 0.331 p = 0.248 | r = 0.333 p = 0.244 | r = 0.350 p = 0.219 | r = 0.278 p = 0.336 | r = 0.325 p = 0.257 | r = −0.458 p = 0.099 | r = −0.533 p = 0.050 | r = −0.603 p = 0.022 | r = 0.572 p = 0.033 |
SSC | r = 0.264 p = 0.362 | r = −0.034 p = 0.908 | r = 0.297 p = 0.303 | r = 0.300 p = 0.298 | r = 0.315 p = 0.272 | r = 0.247 p = 0.394 | r = 0.292 p = 0.312 | r = −0.395 p = 0.162 | r = −0.496 p = 0.072 | r = −0.585 p = 0.028 | r = 0.552 p = 0.041 |
DJ | r = 0.210 p = 0.470 | r = 0.137 p = 0.640 | r = 0.170 p = 0.559 | r = 0.173 p = 0.554 | r = 0.175 p = 0.549 | r = 0.164 p = 0.575 | r = 0.172 p = 0.557 | r = −0.202 p = 0.488 | r = −0.097 p = 0.742 | r = −0.258 p = 0.374 | r = 0.263 p = 0.363 |
Single CMJ DL | r = 0.257 p = 0.374 | r = −0.429 p = 0.126 | r = 0.450 p = 0.106 | r = 0.451 p = 0.106 | r = 0.471 p = 0.089 | r = 0.391 p = 0.167 | r = 0.443 p = 0.113 | r = −0.572 p = 0.032 | r = −0.590 p = 0.026 | r = −0.567 p = 0.034 | r = 0.555 p = 0.040 |
Single CMJ NDL | r = −0.003 p = 0.993 | r = −0.500 p = 0.069 | r = 0.196 p = 0.502 | r = 0.198 p = 0.498 | r = 0.215 p = 0.460 | r = 0.145 p = 0.621 | r = 0.190 p = 0.515 | r = −0.465 p = 0.094 | r = −0.490 p = 0.075 | r = −0.534 p = 0.049 | r = 0.421 p = 0.133 |
LSI (CMJ) | r = −0.495 p = 0.072 | r = −0.154 p = 0.599 | r = −0.476 p = 0.085 | r = −0.475 p = 0.086 | r = −0.481 p = 0.082 | r = −0.455 p = 0.102 | r = −0.473 p = 0.088 | r = −0.240 p = 0.408 | r = 0.244 p = 0.408 | r = 0.096 p = 0.743 | r = −0.338 p = 0.237 |
Single DJ DL | r = 0.056 p = 0.850 | r = −0.244 p = 0.401 | r = 0.156 p = 0.593 | r = 0.158 p = 0.589 | r = 0.175 p = 0.551 | r = 0.109 p = 0.711 | r = 0.151 p = 0.606 | r = −0.352 p = 0.217 | r = −0.472 p = 0.089 | r = −0.458 p = 0.100 | r = 0.394 p = 0.163 |
Single DJ NDL | r = 0.098 p = 0.740 | r = −0.316 p = 0.272 | r = 0.230 p = 0.429 | r = 0.232 p = 0.424 | r = 0.246 p = 0.396 | r = 0.190 p = 0.516 | r = 0.227 p = 0.436 | r = −0.419 p = 0.136 | r = −0.411 p = 0.136 | r = −0.482 p = 0.081 | r = 0.349 p = 0.222 |
LSI (DJ) | r = 0.074 p = 0.801 | r = −0.160 p = 0.585 | r = 0.143 p = 0.626 | r = 0.144 p = 0.622 | r = 0.146 p = 0.618 | r = 0.141 p = 0.630 | r = 0.145 p = 0.621 | r = −0.232 p = 0.425 | r = −0.029 p = 0.921 | r = −0.148 p = 0.614 | r = 0.007 p = 0.981 |
30 m | r = 0.504 p = 0.066 | r = 0.707 p = 0.005 | r = 0.261 p = 0.368 | r = 0.262 p = 0.365 | r = 0.244 p = 0.401 | r = 0.308 p = 0.284 | r = 0.268 p = 0.355 | r = 0.246 p = 0.396 | r = 0.340 p = 0.234 | r = 0.242 p = 0.405 | r = −0.104 p = 0.723 |
Agility | r = 0.380 p = 0.181 | r = 0.201 p = 0.491 | r = 0.329 p = 0.251 | r = 0.331 p = 0.248 | r = 0.322 p = 0.261 | r = 0.352 p = 0.218 | r = 0.334 p = 0.244 | r = −0.057 p = 0.845 | r = 0.081 p = 0.783 | r = −0.031 p = 0.917 | r = 0.125 p = 0.671 |
VO2max | r = 0.426 p = 0.129 | r = −0.316 p = 0.272 | r = 0.588 p = 0.027 | r = 0.588 p = 0.027 | r = 0.607 p = 0.021 | r = 0.524 p = 0.055 | r = 0.579 p = 0.030 | r = −0.507 p = 0.064 | r = −0.643 p = 0.013 | r = −0.636 p = 0.014 | r = 0.786 p < 0.001 |
Variables | HG DH | HG NDH | SJ | CMJ | EUR | SSC | DJ | Single CMJ DL | Single CMJ NDL | LSI (CMJ) | Single DJ DL | Single DJ NDL | LSI (DJ) | 30 m | Agility | VO2max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HG DH | r = 0.866 p < 0.001 | r = 0.193 p = 0.508 | r = 0.242 p = 0.404 | r = 0.248 p = 0.394 | r = 0.268 p = 0.355 | r = 0.365 p = 0.361 | r = 0.356 p = 0.211 | r = 0.227 p = 0.435 | r = −0.258 p = 0.374 | r = 0.067 p = 0.820 | r = 0.318 p = 0.268 | r = 0.467 p = 0.092 | r = 0.027 p = 0.928 | r = 0.159 p = 0.586 | r = 0.280 p = 0.332 | |
HG NDH | r = 0.226 p = 0.437 | r = 0.229 p = 0.431 | r = 0.216 p = 0.458 | r = 0.243 p = 0.402 | r = 0.133 p = 0.650 | r = 0.307 p = 0.286 | r = 0.146 p = 0.619 | r = −0.359 p = 0.208 | r = 0.154 p = 0.600 | r = 0.183 p = 0.530 | r = 0.136 p = 0.643 | r = 0.058 p = 0.845 | r = 0.127 p = 0.664 | r = 0.258 p = 0.373 | ||
SJ | r = 0.989 p < 0.001 | r = 0.980 p < 0.001 | r = 0.942 p < 0.001 | r = 0.586 p = 0.028 | r = 0.831 p < 0.001 | r = 0.834 p < 0.001 | r = 0.024 p = 0.935 | r = 0.861 p = <0.001 | r = 0.806 p < 0.001 | r = 0.111 p = 0.706 | r = −0.393 p = 0.165 | r = −0.103 p = 0.727 | r = 0.742 p = 0.002 | |||
CMJ | r = 0.991 p < 0.001 | r = 0.950 p < 0.001 | r = 0.670 p = 0.009 | r = 0.856 p < 0.001 | r = 0.865 p < 0.001 | r = 0.032 p = 0.913 | r = 0.846 p < 0.001 | r = 0.848 p < 0.001 | r = 0.205 p = 0.482 | r = −0.380 p = 0.180 | r = −0.046 p = 0.875 | r = 0.733 p = 0.003 | ||||
EUR | r = 0.978 p < 0.001 | r = 0.733 p = 0.003 | r = 0.817 p < 0.001 | r = 0.842 p < 0.001 | r = 0.066 p = 0.822 | r = 0.811 p < 0.001 | r = 0.829 p < 0.001 | r = 0.221 p = 0.447 | r = −0.359 p = 0.207 | r = −0.076 p = 0.796 | r = 0.728 p = 0.003 | |||||
SSC | r = 0.782 p < 0.001 | r = 0.727 p = 0.003 | r = 0.796 p < 0.001 | r = 0.152 p = 0.605 | r = 0.735 p = 0.003 | r = 0.798 p < 0.001 | r = 0.280 p = 0.332 | r = −0.327 p = 0.253 | r = −0.116 p = 0.694 | r = 0.686 p = 0.007 | ||||||
DJ | r = 0.483 p = 0.080 | r = 0.602 p = 0.023 | r = 0.241 p = 0.406 | r = 0.374 p = 0.187 | r = 0.659 p = 0.010 | r = 0.575 p = 0.032 | r = −0.125 p = 0.670 | r = 0.060 p = 0.837 | r = 0.384 p = 0.175 | |||||||
Single CMJ DL | r = 0.889 p < 0.001 | r = −0.211 p = 0.469 | r = 0.834 p < 0.001 | r = 0.804 p < 0.001 | r = 0.170 p = 0.562 | r = −0.564 p = 0.036 | r = −0.105 p = 0.721 | r = 0.709 p = 0.005 | ||||||||
Single CMJ NDL | r = 0.251 p = 0.387 | r = 0.837 p < 0.001 | r = 0.937 p < 0.001 | r = 0.388 p = 0.171 | r = −0.695 p = 0.006 | r = −0.154 p = 0.600 | r = 0.536 p = 0.048 | |||||||||
LSI (CMJ) | r = 0.038 p = 0.898 | r = 0.318 p = 0.268 | r = 0.485 p = 0.079 | r = −0.258 p = 0.372 | r = −0.087 p = 0.768 | r = −0.379 p = 0.181 | ||||||||||
Single DJ DL | r = 0.810 p < 0.001 | r = −0.057 p = 0.847 | r = −0.536 p = 0.048 | r = −0.115 p = 0.697 | r = 0.476 p = 0.085 | |||||||||||
Single DJ NDL | r = 0.534 p = 0.049 | r = −0.529 p = 0.052 | r = 0.007 p = 0.981 | r = 0.423 p = 0.132 | ||||||||||||
LSI (DJ) | r = −0.138 p = 0.637 | r = 0.176 p = 0.546 | r = −0.023 p = 0.938 | |||||||||||||
30 m | r = 0.650 p = 0.012 | r = −0.199 p = 0.495 | ||||||||||||||
Agility | r = −0.009 p = 0.974 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Oliveira, R.; Brito, J.P.; Fernandes, R.; Morgans, R.; Alves, S.; Santos, F.J.; Pinto, P.; Espada, M.C. The Effects of Pre-Season and Relationships with Physical, Physiological, Body Composition, and Load Markers: A Case Study Comparing Starters versus Non-Starters from an Elite Female Professional Soccer Team. Medicina 2023, 59, 2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122156
Oliveira R, Brito JP, Fernandes R, Morgans R, Alves S, Santos FJ, Pinto P, Espada MC. The Effects of Pre-Season and Relationships with Physical, Physiological, Body Composition, and Load Markers: A Case Study Comparing Starters versus Non-Starters from an Elite Female Professional Soccer Team. Medicina. 2023; 59(12):2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122156
Chicago/Turabian StyleOliveira, Rafael, João Paulo Brito, Renato Fernandes, Ryland Morgans, Susana Alves, Fernando J. Santos, Paula Pinto, and Mário C. Espada. 2023. "The Effects of Pre-Season and Relationships with Physical, Physiological, Body Composition, and Load Markers: A Case Study Comparing Starters versus Non-Starters from an Elite Female Professional Soccer Team" Medicina 59, no. 12: 2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122156
APA StyleOliveira, R., Brito, J. P., Fernandes, R., Morgans, R., Alves, S., Santos, F. J., Pinto, P., & Espada, M. C. (2023). The Effects of Pre-Season and Relationships with Physical, Physiological, Body Composition, and Load Markers: A Case Study Comparing Starters versus Non-Starters from an Elite Female Professional Soccer Team. Medicina, 59(12), 2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122156