Comparison of Walking Quality Variables between End-Stage Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head Patients and Healthy Subjects by a Footscan Plantar Pressure System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patients
2.2. Acquirement of Walking Pattern Data
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Demographics
3.2. Spatiotemporal Variables in ONFH and Healthy Groups
3.3. Plantar Pressure Distribution in the ONFH and Healthy Groups
3.3.1. Static Plantar Pressure Distribution in ONFH and Healthy Group
3.3.2. Dynamic Plantar Pressure Distribution in ONFH and Healthy Group
3.4. Regional Impulse Percentage and Contact Area Percentage in Different Regions of ONFH and Healthy Group
3.5. Symmetry Index of ONFH and Healthy Groups
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | Healthy Group | ONFH Group | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD, years) | 54.71 ± 12.07 b | 56.00 ± 13.20 b | 0.69 |
Female/male (n) | 14/17 | 17/14 | 1 |
Height (mean ± SD, cm) | 163.77 ± 6.54 b | 164.77 ± 9.83 a | 0.64 |
Body mass (mean ± SD, kg) | 66.19 ± 8.42 a | 70.06 ± 10.14 a | 0.11 |
Body mass index (mean ± SD, kg/m2) | 24.66 ± 2.66 a | 25.85 ± 3.46 a | 0.14 |
Variables | Healthy Group | ONFH Group | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Walking speed (m/s) | 1.11 ± 0.24 a | 0.61 ± 0.20 a,* | <0.01 |
Stride time (s) | 1.09 ± 0.10 a | 1.30 ± 0.16 b,* | <0.01 |
Stance time (s) | 0.73 ± 0.07 a | 0.93 ± 0.12 a,* | <0.01 |
Stance phase percentage (%) | 66.88 ± 5.29 a | 72.35 ± 6.21 a,* | <0.01 |
Stride length (m) | 1.05 ± 0.10 a | 0.76 ± 0.19 a,* | <0.01 |
Step length (m) | 0.53 ± 0.05 a | 0.37 ± 0.10 b,* | <0.01 |
Healthy Group | Affected Side of ONFH Group | Healthy Side of ONFH Group | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
p a | p b | ||||
Forefoot (%) | 21.49 ± 2.82 a | 20.19 ± 3.65 a | 23.24 ± 6.89 a | 0.12 | 0.20 |
Hindfoot (%) | 29.87 ± 3.64 a | 23.67 ± 5.67 a,* | 32.90 ± 5.88 a,* | <0.01 | 0.02 |
Total (%) | 51.36 ± 4.45 a | 43.87 ± 6.99 a,* | 56.13 ± 6.99 a,* | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Healthy Group | Affected Side of ONFH Group | Healthy Side of ONFH Group | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
p a | p b | ||||
T1(N/cm2) | 6.33 ± 2.42 a | 4.85 ± 2.84 a,* | 4.75 ± 2.95 a,* | 0.30 | 0.02 |
T2-5(N/cm2) | 2.37 ± 1.80 b | 1.47 ± 1.21 b,* | 2.03 ± 1.82 b | 0.02 | 0.47 |
M1(N/cm2) | 7.12 ± 3.58 a | 5.36 ± 3.19 a,* | 7.36 ± 4.28 a | 0.04 | 0.81 |
M2(N/cm2) | 13.28 ± 3.76 b | 10.15 ± 5.0 a,* | 11.61 ± 4.88 a | <0.01 | 0.14 |
M3(N/cm2) | 17.51 ± 5.18 a | 12.42 ± 4.89 a,* | 11.98 ± 5.33 a,* | <0.01 | <0.01 |
M4(N/cm2) | 11.60 ± 4.4 a | 8.73 ± 4.05 a,* | 10.23 ± 5.44 b | 0.01 | 0.28 |
M5(N/cm2) | 7.17 ± 4.69 b | 4.98 ± 3.59 b,* | 6.43 ± 4.15 b | 0.04 | 0.51 |
MF(N/cm2) | 4.53 ± 1.73 b | 3.61 ± 1.4 a,* | 3.78 ± 1.26 a | 0.03 | 0.06 |
HM(N/cm2) | 9.96 ± 2.28 a | 8.58 ± 2.72 a,* | 10.59 ± 3.27 a | 0.04 | 0.38 |
HL(N/cm2) | 10.22 ± 3.22 b | 8.14 ± 2.41 a,* | 9.52 ± 3.07 a | <0.01 | 0.38 |
Healthy Group | Affected Side of ONFH Group | Healthy Side of ONFH Group | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
p a | p b | ||||
T1(%) | 6.20 ± 4.46 b | 6.52 ± 5.66 b | 5.30 ± 4.11 b | 0.80 | 0.42 |
T2-5(%) | 1.46 ± 1.43 b | 1.36 ± 1.66 b | 1.60 ± 2.33 b | 0.79 | 0.78 |
M1(%) | 6.63 ± 3.71 a | 8.48 ± 6.37 b | 8.02 ± 4.40 a | 0.17 | 0.18 |
M2(%) | 12.33 ± 3.05 a | 10.05 ± 4.41 a,* | 11.69 ± 3.83 a | 0.02 | 0.48 |
M3(%) | 13.01 ± 3.64 a | 9.93 ± 3.48 a,* | 10.06 ± 4.03 a,* | <0.01 | <0.01 |
M4(%) | 9.29 ± 3.29 a | 7.73 ± 3.78 a | 8.65 ± 3.66 a | 0.09 | 0.47 |
M5(%) | 7.38 ± 3.91 b | 5.20 ± 3.82 b,* | 5.49 ± 3.40 b,* | 0.03 | 0.05 |
MF(%) | 18.68 ± 7.72 a | 17.84 ± 10.01 b | 16.39 ± 6.18 b | 0.72 | 0.20 |
HM(%) | 13.50 ± 4.13 a | 19.22 ± 7.09 a,* | 18.86 ± 7.63 b,* | <0.01 | <0.01 |
HL(%) | 11.43 ± 3.53 a | 13.54 ± 5.53 b,* | 13.78 ± 5.01 b,* | 0.08 | 0.04 |
Healthy Group | Affected Side of ONFH Group | Healthy Side of ONFH Group | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
p a | p b | ||||
T1(%) | 10.53 ± 1.76 a | 9.60 ± 2.32 b | 9.25 ± 3.56 a | 0.08 | 0.08 |
T2-5(%) | 7.24 ± 3.29 b | 6.71 ± 3.55 a | 6.81 ± 3.53 a | 0.55 | 0.62 |
M1(%) | 7.54 ± 1.22 b | 9.29 ± 2.45 a,* | 9.21 ± 2.11 a,* | <0.01 | <0.01 |
M2(%) | 6.93 ± 0.51 b | 7.12 ± 1.81 b | 7.40 ± 0.88 a,* | 0.58 | <0.01 |
M3(%) | 5.65 ± 0.44 b | 5.58 ± 1.40 b | 5.86 ± 0.88 a | 0.80 | 0.23 |
M4(%) | 5.69 ± 0.51 b | 5.57 ± 1.49 b | 5.76 ± 1.13 a | 0.69 | 0.73 |
M5(%) | 7.54 ± 1.13 b | 6.34 ± 1.95 b,* | 6.39 ± 1.72 a,* | <0.01 | <0.01 |
MF(%) | 28.12 ± 2.87 b | 27.23 ± 7.01 b | 26.99 ± 4.67 b | 0.52 | 0.26 |
HM(%) | 11.26 ± 1.27 b | 12.18 ± 1.83 a,* | 12.10 ± 1.26 a,* | 0.03 | <0.01 |
HL(%) | 9.50 ± 1.14 b | 10.37 ± 1.69 a,* | 10.23 ± 1.17 a,* | 0.02 | <0.01 |
Variables | Healthy Group | ONFH Group | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Stride time SI | 0.02 ± 0.01 b | 0.05 ± 0.04 b,* | <0.01 |
Stance time SI | 0.04 ± 0.05 b | 0.10 ± 0.09 b,* | <0.01 |
Step length SI | 0.04 ± 0.04 a | 0.15 ± 0.16 b,* | <0.01 |
Max F SI | 0.09 ± 0.06 b | 0.19 ± 0.17 b,* | <0.01 |
Impulse SI | 0.11 ± 0.06 a | 0.22 ± 0.20 b,* | <0.01 |
Contact area SI | 0.04 ± 0.03 a | 0.08 ± 0.10 b,* | 0.04 |
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Wang, Z.; Mao, X.; Guo, Z.; Zhao, R.; Feng, T.; Xiang, C. Comparison of Walking Quality Variables between End-Stage Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head Patients and Healthy Subjects by a Footscan Plantar Pressure System. Medicina 2023, 59, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010059
Wang Z, Mao X, Guo Z, Zhao R, Feng T, Xiang C. Comparison of Walking Quality Variables between End-Stage Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head Patients and Healthy Subjects by a Footscan Plantar Pressure System. Medicina. 2023; 59(1):59. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010059
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Zehua, Xingjia Mao, Zijian Guo, Ruipeng Zhao, Tengda Feng, and Chuan Xiang. 2023. "Comparison of Walking Quality Variables between End-Stage Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head Patients and Healthy Subjects by a Footscan Plantar Pressure System" Medicina 59, no. 1: 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010059