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Article

Antibiotic Abuse and Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospital Environment: A Retrospective Observational Comparative Study

by
Patrizia Nardulli
1,
Gabriel Gustafsson Hall
2,
Alessandro Quarta
3,
Giovanni Fruscio
4,
Mariarita Laforgia
1,
Vito M. Garrisi
1,
Roberta Ruggiero
5,
Salvatore Scacco
6 and
Danila De Vito
7,*
1
IRCCS Istituto Tumori “G. Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
2
Visby Hospital, Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, 62156 Visby, Sweden
3
DLV System s.r.l., Research Section, Viale della Resistenza, 19, 87036 Quattromiglia, Italy
4
Energent s.p.a., Research Section, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00154 Roma, Italy
5
Tecnologica s.r.l., Research Section, 88900 Crotone, Italy
6
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy
7
School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2022, 58(9), 1257; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091257
Submission received: 26 July 2022 / Revised: 3 September 2022 / Accepted: 5 September 2022 / Published: 11 September 2022
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance represents a serious problem, and it may be life-threatening in the case of severe hospital-acquired infections (HAI). Antibiotic abuse and multidrug resistance (MDR) have significantly increased this burden in the last decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and susceptibility rates of five selected bacterial species (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. faecium) in two healthcare settings located in the Apulia region (Italy). Materials and Methods: Setting n.1 was a university hospital and setting n.2 was a research institute working on oncological patients. All the enrolled patients were diagnosed for bacterial HAI. The observation period was between August and September 2021. Clinical samples were obtained from several biological sources, in different hospital wards. Bacterial identification and susceptibility were tested by using the software VITEC 2 Single system. Results: In this study, a higher incidence of multi-drug-resistant K. pneumoniae was reported (42,2% in setting n.1 and 50% in setting n.2), with respect to the Italian 2019 statistics report (30.3%). All the isolates of E. faecium and S. aureus were susceptible to linezolid. All the bacterial isolates of P. aeruginosa and most of K. pneumoniae were susceptible to ceftazidime–avibactam. Amikacin and nitrofurantoin represented a good option for treating E. coli infections. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistantE. faecium (VRE) had a lower incidence in the clinical setting, with respect to E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Conclusions: The data obtained in this study can support clinicians towards a rational and safe use of antibiotics for treating the infections caused by these resistant strains, to enhance the overall efficacy of the current antibiotic protocols used in the main healthcare environments.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; multidrug resistance; antibiotics; infections; bacterial isolates; clinical setting antimicrobial resistance; multidrug resistance; antibiotics; infections; bacterial isolates; clinical setting

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nardulli, P.; Hall, G.G.; Quarta, A.; Fruscio, G.; Laforgia, M.; Garrisi, V.M.; Ruggiero, R.; Scacco, S.; De Vito, D. Antibiotic Abuse and Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospital Environment: A Retrospective Observational Comparative Study. Medicina 2022, 58, 1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091257

AMA Style

Nardulli P, Hall GG, Quarta A, Fruscio G, Laforgia M, Garrisi VM, Ruggiero R, Scacco S, De Vito D. Antibiotic Abuse and Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospital Environment: A Retrospective Observational Comparative Study. Medicina. 2022; 58(9):1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091257

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nardulli, Patrizia, Gabriel Gustafsson Hall, Alessandro Quarta, Giovanni Fruscio, Mariarita Laforgia, Vito M. Garrisi, Roberta Ruggiero, Salvatore Scacco, and Danila De Vito. 2022. "Antibiotic Abuse and Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospital Environment: A Retrospective Observational Comparative Study" Medicina 58, no. 9: 1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091257

APA Style

Nardulli, P., Hall, G. G., Quarta, A., Fruscio, G., Laforgia, M., Garrisi, V. M., Ruggiero, R., Scacco, S., & De Vito, D. (2022). Antibiotic Abuse and Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospital Environment: A Retrospective Observational Comparative Study. Medicina, 58(9), 1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091257

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