Treatment of Radial Nerve Palsy in Paediatric Humeral Shaft Fractures—STROBE-Compliant Investigation

Background and Objectives: Due to the rarity of radial nerve palsy in humeral shaft fractures in the paediatric population and the lack of data in the literature, the purpose of our study was to report the treatment results of six children who sustained a radial nerve injury following a humeral shaft fracture. Materials and Methods: We treated six paediatric patients with radial nerve palsy caused by a humeral shaft fracture in our department from January 2011 to June 2022. The study group consisted of four boys and one girl aged 8.6 to 17.2 (average 13.6). The mean follow-up was 18.4 months. To present our results, we have used the STROBE protocol designed for retrospective observational studies. Results: We diagnosed two open and four closed humeral shaft fractures. Two simple transverse AO 12A3c; one simple oblique AO 12A2c; two simple spiral AO 12A1b/AO 12A1c and one intact wedge AO 12B2c were recognized. The humeral shaft was affected in the distal third five times and in the middle third one time. In our study group, we found two cases of neurotmesis; two entrapped nerves within the fracture; one stretched nerve over the bone fragments and one case of neuropraxia. We found restitution of the motor function in all cases. For all patients, extensor muscle strength was assessed on the grade M4 according to the BMRC scale (except for a patient with neuropraxia—M5). The differences in patients concerned the incomplete extension at the radiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. Conclusions: In our small case series, humeral shaft fractures complicated with radial nerve palsy are always challenging medical issues. In paediatric patients, we highly recommend an US examination where it is possible to be carried out to improve the system of decision making. Expectant observation with no nerve exploration is reasonable only in close fractures caused by low-energy trauma. Early surgical nerve exploration related with fracture stabilisation is highly recommended in fractures after high-energy trauma, especially in open fractures and where symptoms of nerve palsy appear at any stage of conservative treatment.