Dangerous Pathogens as a Potential Problem for Public Health
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Bacterial Pathogens with High Impact Potential on Public Health
2.1. Bacillus anthracis
2.2. Yersinia pestis
2.3. Francisella tularensis
2.4. Staphylococcus aureus
3. Viral Pathogens with High Impact Potential on Public Health
3.1. Ebola Viruses
3.2. Influenza Viruses
3.3. SARS-CoV-2
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pathogen | Fatality Rate | Human to Human Transmission | Treatment | Vaccine Availability | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | Bacillus anthracis | Cutaneous anthrax: 1–20%. Gastrointestinal anthrax: 25–60%. Inhalational anthrax: 86–89%. | No | Antibody-based antitoxin, antibiotic (ciprofloxacin or doxycycline), supportive care. | BioThrax | [5,6,7,8] |
Yersinia pestis | Septicemic plague: ~50%. Bubonic plague: 40–70%. Pneumonic plague: 50–100%. | Yes (pneumonic plague) | Antibiotic (streptomycin, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol), supportive therapy. | No | [9,10,11,12] | |
Francisella tularensis | Up to 30% | No | Antibiotic (tetracyclines, streptomycin, gentamycin). | No | [13,14,15] | |
Staphylococcus aureus | 10–30% | Yes | Antibiotic (vancomycin or daptomycin, telavancin, ceftaroline). | No | [16,17,18,19] | |
Virus | Ebola viruses | 40–90% | Yes | Supportive treatment (fluid resuscitation, correcting electrolyte imbalances, treating secondary infections, medication to support blood pressure, reduce vomiting and diarrhea). | Ervebo | [20,21] |
Influenza viruses | 0.1% | Yes | Antiviral medication (oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, baloxavir marboxil), supportive treatment. | The composition of vaccines is reviewed annually and updated as necessary to match circulating influenza viruses. | [22,23] | |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) | 0.53–0.82% | Yes | Supportive treatment (oxygen therapy, intravenous fluid infusion). | No | [24,25,26,27] |
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Janik, E.; Ceremuga, M.; Niemcewicz, M.; Bijak, M. Dangerous Pathogens as a Potential Problem for Public Health. Medicina 2020, 56, 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56110591
Janik E, Ceremuga M, Niemcewicz M, Bijak M. Dangerous Pathogens as a Potential Problem for Public Health. Medicina. 2020; 56(11):591. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56110591
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanik, Edyta, Michal Ceremuga, Marcin Niemcewicz, and Michal Bijak. 2020. "Dangerous Pathogens as a Potential Problem for Public Health" Medicina 56, no. 11: 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56110591