Handheld Ultrasound and Focused Cardiovascular Echography: Use and Information
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Differentiation of the Various Echocardiographic Equipment: From Standard, Comprehensive Transthoracic Echocardiography to Focused Cardiac Ultrasound
3. Focused-Echo in Various Clinical Scenarios: When to Use It
4. Specialties That Use HUDs and Training of Operators
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Standard Echocardiography | Focused Echo | |
---|---|---|
Equipment | Stationary, top level technology | Handheld ultrasound devices |
Echo purpose | All heart diseases study | Few clinical questions |
Echo goal | Accurate study | Differential diagnosis |
US sections | All recommended | Few |
Execution time | >30 min | Few minutes |
Diagnosis | In election | Rapid |
Operator training | Accurate/long | Rapid/25–50 exams |
Clinical Suspect | FoCUS Goals |
---|---|
Congestive heart failure | Left atrium and ventricle dimension, LV EF, significant valvular regurgitation, IVC dimension and collapse, pulmonary congestion |
Cardiomyopathies | Left ventricular hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathies |
Atrial fibrillation | Left atrial dimensions, left ventricular function |
Stable coronary artery disease | Wall motion abnormalities, ejection fraction |
Valvular stenosis | Thickness and calcification leaflet, reduced leaflets mobility, turbulent transvalvular flow at color-Doppler |
Valvular regurgitation | Extent regurgitation jet at color-Doppler |
Pericarditis | Pericardial effusion presence, size and distribution |
Clinical Scenarios | POCUS Goal | Rule-In/Rule-Out Diseases |
---|---|---|
Acute respiratory failure | No lung sliding sign (lung movement absence), Anechoic space between visceral and parietal pleura, Lines B—comets | Pneumotorax Pleural effusion Pulmonary congestion |
Shock | Chambers size and shape, LV EF, IVC size and collapsibility, pericardial effusion, pulmonary congestion | Cardiogenic shock |
Cardiac tamponade | Pericardial fluid size and distribution Guide to pericardiocentesis | Massive pericardial effusion |
Acute chest pain | LV wall motion abnormalities, LV EF, RV size and function, Ascending aorta dimensions and morphology, aortic regurgitation, pericardial effusion | Acute coronary syndrome Pulmonary embolism Aortic dissection Pericarditis |
Arrhythmic cardiac arrest | Left ventricular hypertrophy, LV dilatation, LV dysfunction, RV dilatation and dysfunction | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy |
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | Massive pericardial effusion, RV dilatation, RV severe dysfunction, LV severe dysfunction, LV very small dimension (empty ventricle) | Cardiac tamponade Massive pulmonary embolism Severe congestive heart failure Hypovolemia |
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Savino, K.; Ambrosio, G. Handheld Ultrasound and Focused Cardiovascular Echography: Use and Information. Medicina 2019, 55, 423. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080423
Savino K, Ambrosio G. Handheld Ultrasound and Focused Cardiovascular Echography: Use and Information. Medicina. 2019; 55(8):423. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080423
Chicago/Turabian StyleSavino, Ketty, and Giuseppe Ambrosio. 2019. "Handheld Ultrasound and Focused Cardiovascular Echography: Use and Information" Medicina 55, no. 8: 423. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080423