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Volume 55
Issue 4
10.3390/medicina55040092
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Review

Prevalence, Discontinuation Rate, and Risk Factors for Severe Local Site Reactions with Topical Field Treatment Options for Actinic Keratosis of the Face and Scalp

by
Alise Balcere
1,*,
Māra Rone Kupfere
1,
Ingrīda Čēma
2 and
Angelika Krūmiņa
1
1
Department of Infectiology and Dermatology, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
2
Department of Oral Medicine, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2019, 55(4), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55040092
Submission received: 21 February 2019 / Revised: 1 April 2019 / Accepted: 1 April 2019 / Published: 4 April 2019
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Abstract

Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common lesions on chronically sun damaged skin, which are morphologically characterized by lower third to full thickness atypia of epidermal keratinocytes. These lesions carry a risk of progression towards invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); therefore, treatment of visible lesions and the field in case of field cancerization is recommended. Treatment of AK includes the destruction of atypical keratinocytes that clinically presents with various degrees of erythema, scaling, crusting, erosion, and other visible and subjective symptoms. Such inflammatory reactions may have an impact on the patient’s social life and have shown to decrease compliance and adherence to therapy. Additionally, as various topical treatments have been proven to be effective in treating AK, tolerability of local site reactions (LSRs) might drive the decision for appropriate treatment in an individual scenario. Therefore, we aimed to review prevalence of severe LSRs among various topical treatments for AK. In addition, we summarized discontinuation rates due to LSRs and possible therapy-unrelated risk factors for the development of LSRs with increased severity.
Keywords: actinic keratosis; topical therapy; severe local site reactions; risk factors; review actinic keratosis; topical therapy; severe local site reactions; risk factors; review

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MDPI and ACS Style

Balcere, A.; Rone Kupfere, M.; Čēma, I.; Krūmiņa, A. Prevalence, Discontinuation Rate, and Risk Factors for Severe Local Site Reactions with Topical Field Treatment Options for Actinic Keratosis of the Face and Scalp. Medicina 2019, 55, 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55040092

AMA Style

Balcere A, Rone Kupfere M, Čēma I, Krūmiņa A. Prevalence, Discontinuation Rate, and Risk Factors for Severe Local Site Reactions with Topical Field Treatment Options for Actinic Keratosis of the Face and Scalp. Medicina. 2019; 55(4):92. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55040092

Chicago/Turabian Style

Balcere, Alise, Māra Rone Kupfere, Ingrīda Čēma, and Angelika Krūmiņa. 2019. "Prevalence, Discontinuation Rate, and Risk Factors for Severe Local Site Reactions with Topical Field Treatment Options for Actinic Keratosis of the Face and Scalp" Medicina 55, no. 4: 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55040092

APA Style

Balcere, A., Rone Kupfere, M., Čēma, I., & Krūmiņa, A. (2019). Prevalence, Discontinuation Rate, and Risk Factors for Severe Local Site Reactions with Topical Field Treatment Options for Actinic Keratosis of the Face and Scalp. Medicina, 55(4), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55040092

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