Factors Influencing Quality of Life during the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Study Group (n = 440) |
---|---|
Patients’ age (years) (mean ± SD) | 28.7 ± 5.6 |
BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) (median (range)) | 23.1 (15.4–43.8) |
Gravidity (n (%)) Nulligravida Multigravida | 199 (45.2%) 241 (54.8%) |
Parity (n (%)) Nulliparous Multiparous | 208 (47.3%) 232 (52.7%) |
Marital status (n (%)) Single Married or partnership | 107 (24.3%) 333 (75.7%) |
Maternal education (n (%)) High school Incomplete university or college degree University of college degree | 60 (13.6%) 167 (38.0%) 213 (48.4%) |
Living area (n (%)) Urban Rural | 351 (79.8%) 89 (20.2%) |
Monthly household income (n (%)) Less than average (<850 euros) Average (850 euros) Above average (more than 850 euros) | 52 (11.8%) 326 (74.1%) 62 (14.1%) |
SF-36 Domains | Study Group (n = 440) |
---|---|
Physical function (median (IQR)) | 75.0 (60.0–100.0) |
Physical role function (median (IQR)) | 50.0 (0.0–100.0) |
Emotional role function (median (IQR)) | 66.7 (0.0–100.0) |
Vitality (median (IQR)) | 50.0 (40.0–65.0) |
Emotional well-being (median (IQR)) | 52.0 (40.0–68.0) |
Social functioning (median (IQR)) | 50.0 (37.5–100.0) |
Bodily pain (median (IQR)) | 55.0 (45.0–100.0) |
General health perceptions (median (IQR)) | 45.0 (40.0–50.0) |
Perceived change in health (median (IQR)) | 50.0 (25.0–50.0) |
Mental health score (MCS) (median (IQR)) | 50.1 (39.4–59.0) |
Physical health score (PCS) (median (IQR)) | 48.2 (41.0–63.3) |
Variable | Unstandardized Beta Coefficients | p-Value |
---|---|---|
(Constant) | 78.404 | <0.001 |
Dietary | ||
Coffee consumption | −2.539 | 0.002 |
How often fish and fish products are consumed weekly | −1.430 | 0.001 |
How often meat and meat products are consumed weekly | 0.968 | 0.020 |
How often fruits and vegetables are consumed weekly | −0.883 | 0.011 |
How often milk and dairy products are consumed weekly | 0.922 | 0.025 |
How often warm food is eaten during the day | −1.556 | <0.001 |
Taste is the main criteria when choosing groceries | −2.179 | <0.001 |
Snacking between meals | −4.994 | 0.001 |
Use of oral nutritional supplements (except folic acid and iron supplements) | −2.662 | <0.001 |
Peri-anal symptoms | ||
Perianal pain during pregnancy | −7.600 | <0.001 |
Defecation less than 3 times a week | −6.590 | <0.001 |
Straining during defecation | 3.509 | <0.001 |
Pain during and after defecation | −2.732 | 0.002 |
Physical variables | ||
Current body weight | −0.060 | 0.016 |
Rh(D) positive blood group | −2.106 | 0.006 |
Obstetric history | ||
History of perineal tear during delivery | −3.768 | <0.001 |
Number of pregnancies | −1.978 | 0.001 |
Socioeconomic variables | ||
Cold working environment | 4.317 | <0.001 |
Good living conditions | 3.147 | <0.001 |
Living in an urban area | −2.563 | 0.002 |
Secondhand smoking | 1.848 | 0.005 |
Noisy environment more than 6 hours a day | −3.305 | 0.010 |
Lifting more than 10 kilograms daily | −4.374 | 0.001 |
Variable | Unstandardized Beta Coefficients | p-Value |
---|---|---|
(Constant) | 57.079 | <0.001 |
Dietary | ||
Coffee consumption | −1.861 | 0.031 |
Alcohol consumption | 2.653 | 0.001 |
How often fruits and vegetables are consumed weekly | −1.905 | <0.001 |
How often grain products are consumed weekly | −0.938 | 0.010 |
How often products containing flour are consumed weekly | 1.370 | 0.001 |
Meals eaten daily | 0.908 | 0.038 |
Use of iron supplements | 1.632 | 0.010 |
Use of folic acid supplements | −2.006 | 0.016 |
Peri-anal symptoms | ||
Perianal pain during pregnancy | −5.464 | <0.001 |
Defecation less than 3 times a week | −4.744 | <0.001 |
Straining during defecation | 3.574 | <0.001 |
Obstacle feeling during defecation | −3.239 | 0.001 |
Fecal incontinence that requires a pad | −6.281 | <0.001 |
Fecal incontinence that requires to change the lifestyle | 6.129 | 0.002 |
Obstetric history | ||
History of perineal tear during delivery | −2.035 | 0.004 |
Body weight gain during pregnancy | −0.108 | 0.044 |
Socioeconomic variables | ||
Exercising weekly | 1.364 | <0.001 |
Too intensive physical activity | −8.427 | 0.019 |
Emotional distress at work | −1.868 | 0.002 |
Working with computer | 2.627 | <0.001 |
Dusty working environment | −2.952 | 0.005 |
Cold working environment | 2.603 | 0.026 |
QOL Variables | Newborn Weight | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low Birth Weight (<10 Percentile) (n = 17) | Normal Weight (10–90 Percentile) (n = 226) | Large for Gestational Age (>90 Percentile) (n = 37) | Low Birth Weight vs. Normal Weight | Low Birth Weight vs. Large for Gestational Age | Normal Weight vs. Large for Gestational Age | |
MCS (median (IQR)) | 48.2 (40.1–55.5) | 42.1 (39.5–53.44) | 39.4 (39.0–40.4) | 0.599 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
PCS (median (IQR)) | 51.44 (40.8–63.5) | 43.0 (40.0–63.4) | 41.0 (39.3–41.4) | 0.413 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
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Jakubauskiene, L.; Jakubauskas, M.; Mainelis, A.; Buzinskiene, D.; Drasutiene, G.; Ramasauskaite, D.; Poskus, T. Factors Influencing Quality of Life during the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study. Medicina 2019, 55, 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100666
Jakubauskiene L, Jakubauskas M, Mainelis A, Buzinskiene D, Drasutiene G, Ramasauskaite D, Poskus T. Factors Influencing Quality of Life during the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study. Medicina. 2019; 55(10):666. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100666
Chicago/Turabian StyleJakubauskiene, Lina, Matas Jakubauskas, Antanas Mainelis, Diana Buzinskiene, Grazina Drasutiene, Diana Ramasauskaite, and Tomas Poskus. 2019. "Factors Influencing Quality of Life during the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study" Medicina 55, no. 10: 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100666