Next Article in Journal
Heat Shock Protein Inhibitor 17-Allyamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin, a Potent Inductor of Apoptosis in Human Glioma Tumor Cell Lines, Is a Weak Substrate for ABCB1 and ABCG2 Transporters
Previous Article in Journal
The Role of Imaging in Planning Treatment for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Pharmaceuticals
Volume 14
Issue 2
10.3390/ph14020106
pharmaceuticals-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Monitoring of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Plasma Samples: A Pilot Study to Examine Treatment Response to Leflunomide in Rheumatoid Arthritis

by
João F. S. Rodrigues
1,
Liziane C. M. da Silva
2,3,
Leia Cardoso-Sousa
4,
Douglas Carvalho Caixeta
4,
Debora D. Lückemeyer
5,
Alisson S. Henrique
6,
Jaqueline P. Pontes
7,
Lycia M. G. da Silva
8,
Juliana S. S. Macedo
8,
Pedro S. Carvalho Júnior
8,
Cristiane Silva e Silva
1,
Mahiba M. R. S. Martins
9,
Valério Monteiro-Neto
7,
Marcos A. G. Grisotto
10,
Anita M. R. Fernandes
6,
Juliano Ferreira
5,
João B. Calixto
11,
Robinson Sabino-Silva
4 and
Elizabeth S. Fernandes
2,3,*
1
Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
2
Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
3
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
4
Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, Brazil
5
Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
6
Mestrado em Computação Aplicada, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, São José 88102-700, Brazil
7
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
8
Farmácia Estadual de Medicamentos Especializados, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Maranhão, São Luís 65010-650, Brazil
9
Centro de Especialidades Médicas Vinhais, São Luís 65075-180, Brazil
10
Spedali Civili di Brescia, DSCS-c/o U.O. Reumatologia e Immunologia Clinica, Brescia, 25123 Lombardia, Italy
11
Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-Clínicos-CIEnP, Florianópolis 88056-000, Brazil
 
add Show full affiliation list
 
remove Hide full affiliation list
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(2), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14020106
Submission received: 3 December 2020 / Revised: 22 January 2021 / Accepted: 22 January 2021 / Published: 29 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacology)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a painful inflammatory disease of the joints which affects a considerable proportion of the world population, mostly women. If not adequately treated, RA patients can become permanently disabled. Importantly, not all the patients respond to the available anti-rheumatic therapies, which also present diverse side effects. In this context, monitoring of treatment response is pivotal to avoid unnecessary side effects and costs towards an ineffective therapy. Herein, we performed a pilot study to investigate the potential use of flow cytometry and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy as measures to identify responders and non-responders to leflunomide, a disease-modifying drug used in the treatment of RA patients. The evaluation of peripheral blood CD62L+ polymorphonuclear cell numbers and ATR-FTIR vibrational modes in plasma were able to discriminate responders to leflunomide (LFN) three-months after therapy has started. Overall, the results indicate that both flow cytometry and ATR-FTIR can potentially be employed as additional measures to monitor early treatment response to LFN in RA patients.
Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis; treatment response; leflunomide; peripheral blood cells; ATR-FTIR rheumatoid arthritis; treatment response; leflunomide; peripheral blood cells; ATR-FTIR

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Rodrigues, J.F.S.; da Silva, L.C.M.; Cardoso-Sousa, L.; Caixeta, D.C.; Lückemeyer, D.D.; Henrique, A.S.; Pontes, J.P.; da Silva, L.M.G.; Macedo, J.S.S.; Carvalho Júnior, P.S.; et al. Monitoring of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Plasma Samples: A Pilot Study to Examine Treatment Response to Leflunomide in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14020106

AMA Style

Rodrigues JFS, da Silva LCM, Cardoso-Sousa L, Caixeta DC, Lückemeyer DD, Henrique AS, Pontes JP, da Silva LMG, Macedo JSS, Carvalho Júnior PS, et al. Monitoring of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Plasma Samples: A Pilot Study to Examine Treatment Response to Leflunomide in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pharmaceuticals. 2021; 14(2):106. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14020106

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodrigues, João F. S., Liziane C. M. da Silva, Leia Cardoso-Sousa, Douglas Carvalho Caixeta, Debora D. Lückemeyer, Alisson S. Henrique, Jaqueline P. Pontes, Lycia M. G. da Silva, Juliana S. S. Macedo, Pedro S. Carvalho Júnior, and et al. 2021. "Monitoring of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Plasma Samples: A Pilot Study to Examine Treatment Response to Leflunomide in Rheumatoid Arthritis" Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 2: 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14020106

APA Style

Rodrigues, J. F. S., da Silva, L. C. M., Cardoso-Sousa, L., Caixeta, D. C., Lückemeyer, D. D., Henrique, A. S., Pontes, J. P., da Silva, L. M. G., Macedo, J. S. S., Carvalho Júnior, P. S., Silva e Silva, C., Martins, M. M. R. S., Monteiro-Neto, V., Grisotto, M. A. G., Fernandes, A. M. R., Ferreira, J., Calixto, J. B., Sabino-Silva, R., & Fernandes, E. S. (2021). Monitoring of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Plasma Samples: A Pilot Study to Examine Treatment Response to Leflunomide in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pharmaceuticals, 14(2), 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14020106

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop