Evaluating a 3D Ultrasound Imaging Resolution of Single Transmitter/Receiver with Coding Mask by Extracting Phase Information
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- to develop ultrasound imaging based on single element with coding mask by numerically solving the image model equation,
- to apply the proposed method by integrating the frequency subband compound and SCM, and
- to evaluate the image performance by comparing it with other methods by varying the single scatterer position in the region of interest.
2. Methods
2.1. Image Model
2.2. Proposed Method: Super-Resolution Weighted Frequency Subbands Compound
2.3. Previous Methods for Image Construction Were Based on a Single Transducer
- Method-B: This method uses weighted frequency subband compounds to obtain images for each rotation. The original wide band of the measured signal was decomposed into several narrow subbands with their different center of frequency. The subband decomposition was applied to vector-y and matrix-D for all rotation angles. The images were constructed by numerically solving a linear equation of the image model with different subbands and angles of rotation. The weight of each subband was calculated and summed up for each angle of rotation using the minimum variance distortion-free response (MVDR) method [29].
- Method-C: Based on the image model, , the SCM profile was extracted from the measured data for each angle of rotation. The final image at different rotation angles was obtained by multiplying the SCM profile with the image-x computed by numerically solving the LE [30].
- Method-D: The image model was modified by applying the D-compression to the original image model resulting in . The SCM profile was determined based on the modified image model. On the other hand, the solution-x of this equation was computed by analytically solving . The final image of each rotation was achieved by properly multiplying the image-x and the SCM profile.
3. Simulation and Experiment Results
3.1. Simulation Model
3.2. Simulation Result
3.2.1. Basic Method: Numerically Solving a Linear Equation of Image Model
3.2.2. Frequency Subbands Compound
3.2.3. Super-Resolution Method (SCM)
3.2.4. Proposed Method
3.2.5. Evaluate the Methods with Multiple Scatterers
3.3. Experimental Condition
3.4. Experimental Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Frequency Subband Compound
Appendix B. Super-Resolution Method (SCM)
Appendix C. Coherence Factor Beamformer
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Short transmission pulse voltage | 50 Volts |
Device length | 5 mm |
Center of frequency | 7 MHz |
Backing thickness | 1.25 mm |
PZT transducer: | |
- thickness | 0.165 mm |
- density | 7500 kg/m3 |
- dielectric constant | 1700 |
Coding mask: | |
- material | Plastic |
- density | 1060 kg/m3 |
- bulk velocity | 2340 m/s |
- number of patches | 30 |
- randomized thickness | 0.083–0.335 mm/(0.25–1.00) |
Scatterer radius | 0.1 mm |
Distance from the scatterer to the surface of the transducer | 2.5 mm |
Region of interest (ROI) size | 2 mm × 2 mm |
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Syaryadhi, M.; Nakazawa, E.; Tagawa, N.; Yang, M. Evaluating a 3D Ultrasound Imaging Resolution of Single Transmitter/Receiver with Coding Mask by Extracting Phase Information. Sensors 2024, 24, 1496. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051496
Syaryadhi M, Nakazawa E, Tagawa N, Yang M. Evaluating a 3D Ultrasound Imaging Resolution of Single Transmitter/Receiver with Coding Mask by Extracting Phase Information. Sensors. 2024; 24(5):1496. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051496
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyaryadhi, Mohammad, Eiko Nakazawa, Norio Tagawa, and Ming Yang. 2024. "Evaluating a 3D Ultrasound Imaging Resolution of Single Transmitter/Receiver with Coding Mask by Extracting Phase Information" Sensors 24, no. 5: 1496. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051496
APA StyleSyaryadhi, M., Nakazawa, E., Tagawa, N., & Yang, M. (2024). Evaluating a 3D Ultrasound Imaging Resolution of Single Transmitter/Receiver with Coding Mask by Extracting Phase Information. Sensors, 24(5), 1496. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051496