Stiffness-Based Evaluation of Hinge Joints in Prefabricated Assembled Multi-Girder Bridges under Operational Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Hinge Joint Evaluation Method
2.1. Identification of Hinge Joint Stiffness
- Hinge joints transmit only shear forces and are considered as Winkler elastic layers;
- The torsional and transverse displacements of the beams should be neglected;
- Properties of beams and hinge joints along the length are uniform.
2.2. Estimation of Baseline Stiffness
2.3. Hinge Joints Assessment Framework
3. Numerical Verification
3.1. Stiffness Identification
3.2. Damage Indicator
4. Application on a Real Bridge
4.1. Bridge Description
4.2. Data Analysis
4.3. Hinge Joint Assessment
5. Conclusions
- The numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed method for calculating the stiffness of hinge joints based on the characteristic equation of multi-beam systems can accurately identify the stiffness of hinge joints in multi-beam systems.
- Analysis based on measured data shows that some strain correlation-based indicators may be significantly affected by data drift, while methods based on displacement correlation metrics may be susceptible to noise. In contrast, the acceleration data-based method proposed in this paper does not suffer from these problems. The assessment process does not require the closure of traffic and directly uses the monitoring data under operating conditions.
- The actual bridge test results show that the evaluation results of the proposed method for hinge joints were basically consistent with the results of visual inspection and modal shape indicators. The method proposed in this paper can be used for the health monitoring of real bridges and to provide recommendations for the maintenance of bridges.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Order | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th |
---|---|---|---|---|
Undamaged | 4.49 | 5.35 | 7.30 | 9.63 |
Case 1 | 4.49 | 5.20 | 6.93 | 9.34 |
Case 2 | 4.49 | 5.25 | 6.94 | 9.14 |
Joint Number | Joint Number | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case 1 | 1 | 1.07 | 2 | 1.08 | ||
3 | 1.08 | 4 (Damaged) | 0.44 | |||
5 | 1.07 | 6 (Damaged) | 0.73 | |||
7 | 1.09 | 8 | 1.10 | |||
9 | 1.09 | 10 | 1.08 | |||
11 | 1.08 | 12 | 1.08 | |||
Case 2 | 1 | 1.14 | 2 | 1.14 | ||
3 (Damaged) | 0.93 | 4 (Damaged) | 0.67 | |||
5 | 1.12 | 6 | 1.13 | |||
7 | 1.16 | 8 (Damaged) | 0.91 | |||
9 | 1.14 | 10 | 1.16 | |||
11 | 1.10 | 12 (Damaged) | 0.56 |
Joint Number | Identified Stiffness (N/m) | |
---|---|---|
1 | 1.03 | |
2 | 1.20 | |
3 | 1.28 | |
4 | 1.16 | |
5 | 0.93 | |
6 | 0.75 | |
7 | 0.96 | |
8 | 1.02 | |
9 | 1.17 | |
10 | 1.18 | |
11 | 1.07 | |
12 | 1.00 |
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Shang, Z.; Gong, F.; Shao, Z.; Matos, J.; Xin, G.; Xia, Y. Stiffness-Based Evaluation of Hinge Joints in Prefabricated Assembled Multi-Girder Bridges under Operational Conditions. Sensors 2024, 24, 4255. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134255
Shang Z, Gong F, Shao Z, Matos J, Xin G, Xia Y. Stiffness-Based Evaluation of Hinge Joints in Prefabricated Assembled Multi-Girder Bridges under Operational Conditions. Sensors. 2024; 24(13):4255. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134255
Chicago/Turabian StyleShang, Zhiqiang, Fengzong Gong, Zhufeng Shao, Jose Matos, Gongfeng Xin, and Ye Xia. 2024. "Stiffness-Based Evaluation of Hinge Joints in Prefabricated Assembled Multi-Girder Bridges under Operational Conditions" Sensors 24, no. 13: 4255. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134255
APA StyleShang, Z., Gong, F., Shao, Z., Matos, J., Xin, G., & Xia, Y. (2024). Stiffness-Based Evaluation of Hinge Joints in Prefabricated Assembled Multi-Girder Bridges under Operational Conditions. Sensors, 24(13), 4255. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134255