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Volume 23
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10.3390/s23042185
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Article

Double-Versus Triple-Potential Well Energy Harvesters: Dynamics and Power Output

by
Jerzy Margielewicz
1,
Damian Gąska
1,
Jacek Caban
2,
Grzegorz Litak
2,
Agnieszka Dudziak
3,*,
Xiaoqing Ma
4 and
Shengxi Zhou
4
1
Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
3
Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
4
School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2023, 23(4), 2185; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042185
Submission received: 28 December 2022 / Revised: 8 February 2023 / Accepted: 12 February 2023 / Published: 15 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System)
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Abstract

The basic types of multi-stable energy harvesters are bistable energy harvesting systems (BEH) and tristable energy harvesting systems (TEH). The present investigations focus on the analysis of BEH and TEH systems, where the corresponding depth of the potential well and the width of their characteristics are the same. The efficiency of energy harvesting for TEH and BEH systems assuming similar potential parameters is provided. Providing such parameters allows for reliable formulation of conclusions about the efficiency in both types of systems. These energy harvesting systems are based on permanent magnets and a cantilever beam designed to obtain energy from vibrations. Starting from the bond graphs, we derived the nonlinear equations of motion. Then, we followed the bifurcations along the increasing frequency for both configurations. To identify the character of particular solutions, we estimated their corresponding phase portraits, Poincare sections, and Lyapunov exponents. The selected solutions are associated with their voltage output. The results in this numerical study clearly show that the bistable potential is more efficient for energy harvesting provided the corresponding excitation amplitude is large enough. However, the tristable potential could work better in the limits of low-level and low-frequency excitations.
Keywords: Lyapunov exponent; bifurcations; multiple solutions diagram; optimization Lyapunov exponent; bifurcations; multiple solutions diagram; optimization

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MDPI and ACS Style

Margielewicz, J.; Gąska, D.; Caban, J.; Litak, G.; Dudziak, A.; Ma, X.; Zhou, S. Double-Versus Triple-Potential Well Energy Harvesters: Dynamics and Power Output. Sensors 2023, 23, 2185. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042185

AMA Style

Margielewicz J, Gąska D, Caban J, Litak G, Dudziak A, Ma X, Zhou S. Double-Versus Triple-Potential Well Energy Harvesters: Dynamics and Power Output. Sensors. 2023; 23(4):2185. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042185

Chicago/Turabian Style

Margielewicz, Jerzy, Damian Gąska, Jacek Caban, Grzegorz Litak, Agnieszka Dudziak, Xiaoqing Ma, and Shengxi Zhou. 2023. "Double-Versus Triple-Potential Well Energy Harvesters: Dynamics and Power Output" Sensors 23, no. 4: 2185. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042185

APA Style

Margielewicz, J., Gąska, D., Caban, J., Litak, G., Dudziak, A., Ma, X., & Zhou, S. (2023). Double-Versus Triple-Potential Well Energy Harvesters: Dynamics and Power Output. Sensors, 23(4), 2185. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042185

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