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Volume 23
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Article

Evaluation Methods and Measurement Challenges for Industrial Exoskeletons

by
Ya-Shian Li-Baboud
1,*,
Ann Virts
1,
Roger Bostelman
1,2,
Soocheol Yoon
1,3,
Amaan Rahman
4,
Lucia Rhode
4,
Nishat Ahmed
4 and
Mili Shah
1,5
1
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
2
Smart HLPR LLC, Troutman, NC 28166, USA
3
Institute for Soft Matter, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
4
Department of Electrical Engineering, Albert Nerken School of Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York, NY 10003, USA
5
Department of Mathematics, Albert Nerken School of Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York, NY 10003, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2023, 23(12), 5604; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125604
Submission received: 20 March 2023 / Revised: 15 May 2023 / Accepted: 22 May 2023 / Published: 15 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Future Trends of Wearable Robotics)
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Abstract

In recent years, exoskeleton test methods for industrial exoskeletons have evolved to include simulated laboratory and field environments. Physiological, kinematic, and kinetic metrics, as well as subjective surveys, are used to evaluate exoskeleton usability. In particular, exoskeleton fit and usability can also impact the safety of exoskeletons and their effectiveness at reducing musculoskeletal injuries. This paper surveys the state of the art in measurement methods applied to exoskeleton evaluation. A notional classification of the metrics based on exoskeleton fit, task efficiency, comfort, mobility, and balance is proposed. In addition, the paper describes the test and measurement methods used in supporting the development of exoskeleton and exosuit evaluation methods to assess their fit, usability, and effectiveness in industrial tasks such as peg in hole, load align, and applied force. Finally, the paper includes a discussion of how the metrics can be applied towards a systematic evaluation of industrial exoskeletons, current measurement challenges, and future research directions.
Keywords: exoskeleton; evaluation methods; performance metrics exoskeleton; evaluation methods; performance metrics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li-Baboud, Y.-S.; Virts, A.; Bostelman, R.; Yoon, S.; Rahman, A.; Rhode, L.; Ahmed, N.; Shah, M. Evaluation Methods and Measurement Challenges for Industrial Exoskeletons. Sensors 2023, 23, 5604. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125604

AMA Style

Li-Baboud Y-S, Virts A, Bostelman R, Yoon S, Rahman A, Rhode L, Ahmed N, Shah M. Evaluation Methods and Measurement Challenges for Industrial Exoskeletons. Sensors. 2023; 23(12):5604. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125604

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li-Baboud, Ya-Shian, Ann Virts, Roger Bostelman, Soocheol Yoon, Amaan Rahman, Lucia Rhode, Nishat Ahmed, and Mili Shah. 2023. "Evaluation Methods and Measurement Challenges for Industrial Exoskeletons" Sensors 23, no. 12: 5604. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125604

APA Style

Li-Baboud, Y.-S., Virts, A., Bostelman, R., Yoon, S., Rahman, A., Rhode, L., Ahmed, N., & Shah, M. (2023). Evaluation Methods and Measurement Challenges for Industrial Exoskeletons. Sensors, 23(12), 5604. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125604

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