Principles and Applications of Seismic Monitoring Based on Submarine Optical Cable
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fiber-Optic Sensing Techniques for Seismic Monitoring
2.1. Principle of the Optical Interferometer-Based Seismic Monitoring
2.2. Principle of the FBG-Based Seismic Monitoring
2.3. Principle of the Optical Polarimeter-Based Seismic Monitoring
2.4. Principle of the DAS-Based Seismic Monitoring
3. Applications of Seismic Monitoring Based on Submarine Cable
3.1. Seismic Monitoring Based on Optical Interferometer
3.2. Seismic Monitoring Based on FBG
3.3. Seismic Monitoring Based on Optical Polarimeter
3.4. Seismic Monitoring Based on DAS
4. Conclusions and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Optical Principle | Sensing Length | Noise Floor | Frequency Response | Practical Application |
---|---|---|---|---|
Interferometer | NA [27] | 30 ng/√Hz (10 Hz) | 0.3–200 Hz | Yes |
200 m [28] | 36 nε (RMS variation) | 0.004–1.6 Hz | Yes | |
NA [30] | 6.74 ng/√Hz (1–50 Hz) | 0.16–50 Hz | No | |
96 km [15] | 1 rad/√Hz (1 Hz) | 0.01–20 Hz | Yes | |
5860 km [18] | 1 MHz/√Hz (1 Hz) | 0.01–5 Hz | Yes | |
125.7 m [32] | 100 μPa/√Hz (Average value) | 1–80 Hz | Yes | |
Polarimeter | 10500 km [16] | 0.03/√Hz (1 Hz) | 0.01–10 Hz | Yes |
FBG | 100 km [33] | 0.8 pm/gal | 5–50 Hz | Yes |
100 km [34] | NA | 3–250 Hz | Yes | |
400 m [35] | 0.05 pm/gal | 10–200 Hz | No | |
DAS | 20 km [17] | 1 nε/√Hz (1 Hz) | 0.001–10 Hz | Yes |
20 km [45] | 1 nε/√Hz (1 Hz) | 0.5–10 Hz | Yes | |
42 km [49] | 10 nε/√Hz (1 Hz) | 0.01–10 Hz | Yes | |
60 km [50] | 100 pε/√Hz (1 Hz) | 0.05–24 Hz | Yes | |
41.5 km [51] | 2 nε/√Hz (1 Hz) | 0.2–20 Hz | Yes | |
50 km [55] | 3 nε/√Hz (1 Hz) | 0.01–100 Hz | Yes |
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Yu, J.; Xu, P.; Yu, Z.; Wen, K.; Yang, J.; Wang, Y.; Qin, Y. Principles and Applications of Seismic Monitoring Based on Submarine Optical Cable. Sensors 2023, 23, 5600. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125600
Yu J, Xu P, Yu Z, Wen K, Yang J, Wang Y, Qin Y. Principles and Applications of Seismic Monitoring Based on Submarine Optical Cable. Sensors. 2023; 23(12):5600. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125600
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Junzhe, Pengbai Xu, Zhangjun Yu, Kunhua Wen, Jun Yang, Yuncai Wang, and Yuwen Qin. 2023. "Principles and Applications of Seismic Monitoring Based on Submarine Optical Cable" Sensors 23, no. 12: 5600. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125600