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Review

Optical Biosensors for the Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Review

1
Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
2
Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
3
Making Genetics S.L., Plaza CEIN 5, 31110 Noáin, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2020, 20(21), 6289; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216289
Received: 5 October 2020 / Revised: 23 October 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 / Published: 4 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Optical Sensors for Biomedical Application)
A comprehensive review of optical biosensors for the detection of biomarkers associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is presented here, including microRNAs (miRNAs), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and histidine, which are biomarkers that enable RA detection and/or monitoring. An overview of the different optical biosensors (based on fluorescence, plasmon resonances, interferometry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) among other optical techniques) used to detect these biomarkers is given, describing their performance and main characteristics (limit of detection (LOD) and dynamic range), as well as the connection between the respective biomarker and rheumatoid arthritis. It has been observed that the relationship between the corresponding biomarker and rheumatoid arthritis tends to be obviated most of the time when explaining the mechanism of the optical biosensor, which forces the researcher to look for further information about the biomarker. This review work attempts to establish a clear association between optical sensors and rheumatoid arthritis biomarkers as well as to be an easy-to-use tool for the researchers working in this field. View Full-Text
Keywords: optical biosensors; rheumatoid arthritis (RA); biomarkers; miRNA; CRP optical biosensors; rheumatoid arthritis (RA); biomarkers; miRNA; CRP
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MDPI and ACS Style

Imas, J.J.; Ruiz Zamarreño, C.; Zubiate, P.; Sanchez-Martín, L.; Campión, J.; Matías, I.R. Optical Biosensors for the Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Review. Sensors 2020, 20, 6289. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216289

AMA Style

Imas JJ, Ruiz Zamarreño C, Zubiate P, Sanchez-Martín L, Campión J, Matías IR. Optical Biosensors for the Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Review. Sensors. 2020; 20(21):6289. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216289

Chicago/Turabian Style

Imas, José J., Carlos Ruiz Zamarreño, Pablo Zubiate, Lorena Sanchez-Martín, Javier Campión, and Ignacio R. Matías. 2020. "Optical Biosensors for the Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Review" Sensors 20, no. 21: 6289. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216289

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