Underwater TDOA Acoustical Location Based on Majorization-Minimization Optimization
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Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Department of Information and Communication, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
3
Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2020, 20(16), 4457; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164457
Received: 2 July 2020
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Revised: 7 August 2020
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Accepted: 8 August 2020
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Published: 10 August 2020
(This article belongs to the Collection Underwater Sensor Networks and Internet of Underwater Things)
Underwater acoustic localization is a useful technique applied to any military and civilian applications. Among the range-based underwater acoustic localization methods, the time difference of arrival (TDOA) has received much attention because it is easy to implement and relatively less affected by the underwater environment. This paper proposes a TDOA-based localization algorithm for an underwater acoustic sensor network using the maximum-likelihood (ML) ratio criterion. To relax the complexity of the proposed localization complexity, we construct an auxiliary function, and use the majorization-minimization (MM) algorithm to solve it. The proposed localization algorithm proposed in this paper is called a T-MM algorithm. T-MM is applying the MM algorithm to the TDOA acoustic-localization technique. As the MM algorithm iterations are sensitive to the initial points, a gradient-based initial point algorithm is used to set the initial points of the T-MM scheme. The proposed T-MM localization scheme is evaluated based on squared position error bound (SPEB), and through calculation, we get the SPEB expression by the equivalent Fisher information matrix (EFIM). The simulation results show how the proposed T-MM algorithm has better performance and outperforms the state-of-the-art localization algorithms in terms of accuracy and computation complexity even under a high presence of underwater noise.
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Keywords:
majorization-minimization; time difference of arrival; underwater acoustic localization; underwater acoustic sensor networks
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MDPI and ACS Style
Li, S.; Sun, H.; Esmaiel, H. Underwater TDOA Acoustical Location Based on Majorization-Minimization Optimization. Sensors 2020, 20, 4457. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164457
AMA Style
Li S, Sun H, Esmaiel H. Underwater TDOA Acoustical Location Based on Majorization-Minimization Optimization. Sensors. 2020; 20(16):4457. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164457
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Shuangshuang, Haixin Sun, and Hamada Esmaiel. 2020. "Underwater TDOA Acoustical Location Based on Majorization-Minimization Optimization" Sensors 20, no. 16: 4457. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164457
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