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Volume 17
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10.3390/s17122943
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Article

Identification of Tequila with an Array of ZnO Thin Films: A Simple and Cost-Effective Method

by
Pedro Estanislao Acuña-Avila
1,
Raúl Calavia
2,
Enrique Vigueras-Santiago
3 and
Eduard Llobet
2,*
1
Universidad Tecnológica de Zinacantepec, Av. Libramiento Universidad 106, San Bartolo el Llano, 51361 Zinacantepec, Estado de México, Mexico
2
MINOS-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
3
Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Materiales Avanzados (LIDMA), Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Esquina Paseo Tollocan, Toluca 50200, Estado de México, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2017, 17(12), 2943; https://doi.org/10.3390/s17122943
Submission received: 24 November 2017 / Revised: 12 December 2017 / Accepted: 14 December 2017 / Published: 19 December 2017
(This article belongs to the Section Chemical Sensors)
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Abstract

An array of ZnO thin film sensors was obtained by thermal oxidation of physical vapor deposited thin Zn films. Different conditions of the thermal treatment (duration and temperature) were applied in view of obtaining ZnO sensors with different gas sensing properties. Films having undergone a long thermal treatment exhibited high responses to low ethanol concentrations, while short thermal treatments generally led to sensors with high ethanol sensitivity. The sensor array was used to distinguish among Tequilas and Agave liquor. Linear discriminant analysis and the multilayer perceptron neural network reached 100% and 86.3% success rates in the discrimination between real Tequila and Agave liquor and in the identification of Tequila brands, respectively. These results are promising for the development of an inexpensive tool offering low complexity and cost of analysis for detecting fraud in spirits.
Keywords: Tequila identification; ZnO thin films; gas sensor array; pattern recognition Tequila identification; ZnO thin films; gas sensor array; pattern recognition

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MDPI and ACS Style

Acuña-Avila, P.E.; Calavia, R.; Vigueras-Santiago, E.; Llobet, E. Identification of Tequila with an Array of ZnO Thin Films: A Simple and Cost-Effective Method. Sensors 2017, 17, 2943. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17122943

AMA Style

Acuña-Avila PE, Calavia R, Vigueras-Santiago E, Llobet E. Identification of Tequila with an Array of ZnO Thin Films: A Simple and Cost-Effective Method. Sensors. 2017; 17(12):2943. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17122943

Chicago/Turabian Style

Acuña-Avila, Pedro Estanislao, Raúl Calavia, Enrique Vigueras-Santiago, and Eduard Llobet. 2017. "Identification of Tequila with an Array of ZnO Thin Films: A Simple and Cost-Effective Method" Sensors 17, no. 12: 2943. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17122943

APA Style

Acuña-Avila, P. E., Calavia, R., Vigueras-Santiago, E., & Llobet, E. (2017). Identification of Tequila with an Array of ZnO Thin Films: A Simple and Cost-Effective Method. Sensors, 17(12), 2943. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17122943

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