Temporal Trends in Skull Morphology of the European Bison from the 1950s to the Present Day
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Basal length: Basion–Prosthion (BP)
- Length of the splanchnocranium: Staphylon–Prosthion (StP)
- Length of the neurocranium: Basion–Staphylon (BSt)
- Orbital breadth: Ectorbitale–Ectorbitale (EctEct)
- Breadth of the splanchnocranium: Supramolare–Supramolare (SmSm)
- Height of the splanchnocranium: Staphylion–Nasion (StN)
- Height of the neurocranium: Sphenobasion–Brema (SphBr)
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model Outputs | BP | StP | BSt | EctEct | SmSm | StN | SphBr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | 2.43 | 19.38 | 0.14 | 5.31 | 2.40 | 23.24 | 1.87 |
P | 0.121 | 0.000 | 0.710 | 0.023 | 0.123 | 0.000 | 0.173 |
Intercept [B0 (±SE)] | 760.18 (183.02) | 801.71 (116.37) | 230.24 (115.11) | 761.61 (192.05) | 366.46 (116.41) | 874.08 (146.12) | −67.39 (171.32) |
Year [B1 (±SE)] | −0.14 (0.09) | −0.26 (0.06) | −0.02 (0.06) | −0.22 (0.10) | −0.09 (0.06) | −0.35 (0.07) | 0.12 (0.09) |
R2 | 0.015 | 0.107 | 0.001 | 0.040 | 0.017 | 0.124 | 0.011 |
N | 165 | 163 | 160 | 128 | 143 | 166 | 167 |
Model Outputs | BP | StP | BSt | EctEct | SmSm | StN | SphBr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | 3.90 | 7.57 | 2.53 | 5.89 | 1.63 | 17.78 | 1.62 |
P | 0.050 | 0.007 | 0.110 | 0.016 | 0.203 | 0.000 | 0.204 |
Intercept [B0 (±SE)] | 755.97 (156.12) | 584.66 (110.77) | 327.08 (99.53) | 707.08 (178.77) | 319.53 (115.44) | 918.03 (180.13) | 413.36 (200.71) |
Year [B1 (±SE)] | −0.16 (0.08) | −0.15 (0.06) | −0.08 (0.05) | −0.22 (0.09) | −0.07 (0.06) | −0.38 (0.09) | −0.13 (0.10) |
R2 | 0.022 | 0.046 | 0.012 | 0.036 | 0.011 | 0.101 | 0.009 |
N | 175 | 162 | 213 | 163 | 146 | 164 | 178 |
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Szara, T.; Klich, D.; Wójcik, A.M.; Olech, W. Temporal Trends in Skull Morphology of the European Bison from the 1950s to the Present Day. Diversity 2023, 15, 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15030377
Szara T, Klich D, Wójcik AM, Olech W. Temporal Trends in Skull Morphology of the European Bison from the 1950s to the Present Day. Diversity. 2023; 15(3):377. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15030377
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzara, Tomasz, Daniel Klich, Anna M. Wójcik, and Wanda Olech. 2023. "Temporal Trends in Skull Morphology of the European Bison from the 1950s to the Present Day" Diversity 15, no. 3: 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15030377