What’s Inside the Hole? A Review of European Dendrolimnetic Moth Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae)

We conducted an extensive literature review in search of records of dendrolimnetic Psychodinae, with additional field sampling of the European species of Psychodinae associated with water-filled tree holes. After checking more than 100 publications, only 11 specific published records involving dendrolimnetic Psychodinae were found. Our results show that six genera, represented by 13 species of Psychodinae, are associated with 13 species of plant trees. As a result of our field sampling, we report Lepiseodina latipennis (Sarà, 1953) and Telmatoscopus bartai (Ježek, 2004) comb. nov. for the first time in Germany. Furthermore, we redescribe L. latipennis based on freshly collected material with a closer examination of the holotype. Derived from our findings, we review the genera Lepiseodina Enderlein, 1937 and Telmatoscopus Eaton, 1904, providing an identification key for the males of both genera. In addition, we synonymyze Krivosheinoscopus Ježek, 2001 syn. nov. under Telmatoscopus, changing combination of Telmatoscopus ussuricus (Ježek, 2001) comb. nov. and Telmatoscopus bartai (Ježek, 2004), additionally, we change combination and a sononymy of Tematoscopus wagneri (Salmanna, 1982) comb. et syn. nov. under Telmatoscopus advena (Eaton, 1893). Furthermore, we describe for the first time the female and eggs of Telmatoscopus advena. Moreover, we provide the first published DNA barcodes (COI) for Telmatoscopus bartai, Lepiseodina latipennis (Sarà, 1953), Lepiseodina rothschildi (Eaton, 1912), and Lepiseodina tristis (Meigen, 1830). Finally, we also discuss the taxonomy and ecology of the European dendrolimnetic species of the subfamily Psychodinae.