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Volume 27
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10.3390/ijms27020591
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Review

Cholesterol Metabolism: An Ally in the Development and Progression of Cervical Cancer

by
Imelda Martínez-Ramírez
1,
J. Omar Muñoz-Bello
1,
Adriana Contreras-Paredes
1,
Elías Parra-Hernández
2,
Adela Carrillo-García
1 and
Marcela Lizano
1,3,*
1
Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
2
Gerencia de Análisis y Desarrollo de Pruebas Biológicas, Comisión de Control Analítico y Ampliación de Cobertura (CCAYAC)-Comisión Federal para la Protección Contra Riesgos Sanitarios (COFEPRIS), Mexico City 14050, Mexico
3
Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 591; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020591
Submission received: 20 November 2025 / Revised: 27 December 2025 / Accepted: 3 January 2026 / Published: 6 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Insights and Treatments for Gynecological Cancers)
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Abstract

Despite screening programs and vaccination campaigns, cervical cancer (CC) remains a health problem worldwide. The involvement of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is crucial for the development and progression of this type of cancer. Metabolic reprogramming by cancer cells has gained relevance in the last decade due to its ability to promote cell growth, survival, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. In this review, we focus on alterations in cholesterol metabolism that significantly influence the development and progression of CC, as well as the clinical outcome of patients. Furthermore, evidence from comprehensive omics studies suggesting that E6 and E7 are involved in the exacerbation of elements related to cholesterol metabolism is analyzed. Preclinical and clinical studies are also discussed that demonstrate that cholesterol metabolism is a potential therapeutic target, highlighting its impact on reducing tumor growth, altering the tumor microenvironment, and improving antitumor immunity.
Keywords: cervical cancer; Human Papillomavirus; cholesterol metabolism; HPV oncoproteins; therapeutic approaches; biomarkers cervical cancer; Human Papillomavirus; cholesterol metabolism; HPV oncoproteins; therapeutic approaches; biomarkers

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MDPI and ACS Style

Martínez-Ramírez, I.; Muñoz-Bello, J.O.; Contreras-Paredes, A.; Parra-Hernández, E.; Carrillo-García, A.; Lizano, M. Cholesterol Metabolism: An Ally in the Development and Progression of Cervical Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27, 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020591

AMA Style

Martínez-Ramírez I, Muñoz-Bello JO, Contreras-Paredes A, Parra-Hernández E, Carrillo-García A, Lizano M. Cholesterol Metabolism: An Ally in the Development and Progression of Cervical Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026; 27(2):591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020591

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martínez-Ramírez, Imelda, J. Omar Muñoz-Bello, Adriana Contreras-Paredes, Elías Parra-Hernández, Adela Carrillo-García, and Marcela Lizano. 2026. "Cholesterol Metabolism: An Ally in the Development and Progression of Cervical Cancer" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27, no. 2: 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020591

APA Style

Martínez-Ramírez, I., Muñoz-Bello, J. O., Contreras-Paredes, A., Parra-Hernández, E., Carrillo-García, A., & Lizano, M. (2026). Cholesterol Metabolism: An Ally in the Development and Progression of Cervical Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(2), 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020591

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