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Volume 27
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Acute Sleep Deprivation and the Autoimmune TLR-BANK1 Pathway: Interplay with Gender and Emotional State

by
Marta Ditmer
1,
Agata Gabryelska
1,
Aleksandra Tarasiuk-Zawadzka
2,
Agata Binienda
2,
Szymon Turkiewicz
1,
Filip Franciszek Karuga
1,
Aleksandra Wojtera
1,
Piotr Białasiewicz
1,
Jakub Fichna
2,
Dominik Strzelecki
3 and
Marcin Sochal
1,*
1
Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
2
Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
3
Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010375 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 4 December 2025 / Revised: 26 December 2025 / Accepted: 29 December 2025 / Published: 29 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Immunology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Deprivation of sleep (DS) is linked to increased risk of immune-mediated diseases. Toll-like receptors (TLR7, TLR9) and BANK1 are key B-cell signaling components that may contribute to their pathogenesis. Seventy-six adults underwent polysomnography (PSG) followed by DS. Venous blood was collected after PSG and DS. Mood was evaluated before and after each stage using Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Participants were classified as Responders (REs) or Non-Responders (NRs) based on mood changes post-DS. Gene mRNA expression of TLR7, TLR9, and BANK1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed by qRT-PCR. DS reduced TLR7 expression in the entire study group and within NRs, REs, and male and female subgroups (all p < 0.001). During analysis of covariance, women exhibited higher TLR7 expression than men post-DS (p = 0.022), independent of age and body mass index (BMI). At baseline, women exhibited lower expression of TLR9 (p = 0.009, independent of age and BMI), which was abolished after DS (p = 0.570). BANK1 expression increased post-DS in the entire study group and in NRs (p = 0.021), but not REs (p = 0.329). DS modulates B-cell-related immune signaling, with reduced TLR7 and increased BANK1 expression in a sex- and mood-dependent manner.
Keywords: BANK1; sleep; sleep deprivation; TLR7; TLR9 BANK1; sleep; sleep deprivation; TLR7; TLR9

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ditmer, M.; Gabryelska, A.; Tarasiuk-Zawadzka, A.; Binienda, A.; Turkiewicz, S.; Karuga, F.F.; Wojtera, A.; Białasiewicz, P.; Fichna, J.; Strzelecki, D.; et al. Acute Sleep Deprivation and the Autoimmune TLR-BANK1 Pathway: Interplay with Gender and Emotional State. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27, 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010375

AMA Style

Ditmer M, Gabryelska A, Tarasiuk-Zawadzka A, Binienda A, Turkiewicz S, Karuga FF, Wojtera A, Białasiewicz P, Fichna J, Strzelecki D, et al. Acute Sleep Deprivation and the Autoimmune TLR-BANK1 Pathway: Interplay with Gender and Emotional State. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026; 27(1):375. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010375

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ditmer, Marta, Agata Gabryelska, Aleksandra Tarasiuk-Zawadzka, Agata Binienda, Szymon Turkiewicz, Filip Franciszek Karuga, Aleksandra Wojtera, Piotr Białasiewicz, Jakub Fichna, Dominik Strzelecki, and et al. 2026. "Acute Sleep Deprivation and the Autoimmune TLR-BANK1 Pathway: Interplay with Gender and Emotional State" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27, no. 1: 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010375

APA Style

Ditmer, M., Gabryelska, A., Tarasiuk-Zawadzka, A., Binienda, A., Turkiewicz, S., Karuga, F. F., Wojtera, A., Białasiewicz, P., Fichna, J., Strzelecki, D., & Sochal, M. (2026). Acute Sleep Deprivation and the Autoimmune TLR-BANK1 Pathway: Interplay with Gender and Emotional State. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(1), 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010375

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