PCSK9 Enhances Cardiac Fibrogenesis via the Activation of Toll-like Receptor and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of PCSK9 on the Profibrotic Cellular Activities of Cardiac Fibroblasts
2.2. Inflammation Signaling Pathway in PCSK9-Treated Cardiac Fibroblasts
2.3. The Interaction Between PCSK9 with TLR4
2.4. Effects of PCSK9 Inhibitor on Heart Structure, Systolic Function, and Cardiac Fibrosis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Cultures
4.2. Cell Migration Assay
4.3. Cell Proliferation Assay
4.4. Western Blotting
4.5. Effects of PCSK9 Inhibitor on Cardiac Function and Fibrosis in HF Animals
4.6. Serum Lipid Profile Analysis
4.7. Cardiac Fibrosis Analysis in HF Rats
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Serum | HF Groups (n = 6) | HF Groups with Alirocumab (n = 6) | Healthy Control Groups (n = 6) |
---|---|---|---|
Total cholesterol (mg/L) | 470.0 ± 55.9 | 471.7 ± 65.2 | 463.3 ± 37.0 |
entry 2 | 840.0 ± 135.5 | 846.7 ± 102.0 | 900.0 ± 82.0 |
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Chung, C.-C.; Kao, Y.-H.; Chen, Y.-C.; Lin, Y.-K.; Higa, S.; Hsu, K.-C.; Chen, Y.-J. PCSK9 Enhances Cardiac Fibrogenesis via the Activation of Toll-like Receptor and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 1921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051921
Chung C-C, Kao Y-H, Chen Y-C, Lin Y-K, Higa S, Hsu K-C, Chen Y-J. PCSK9 Enhances Cardiac Fibrogenesis via the Activation of Toll-like Receptor and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(5):1921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051921
Chicago/Turabian StyleChung, Cheng-Chih, Yu-Hsun Kao, Yao-Chang Chen, Yung-Kuo Lin, Satoshi Higa, Kai-Cheng Hsu, and Yi-Jen Chen. 2025. "PCSK9 Enhances Cardiac Fibrogenesis via the Activation of Toll-like Receptor and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 5: 1921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051921
APA StyleChung, C.-C., Kao, Y.-H., Chen, Y.-C., Lin, Y.-K., Higa, S., Hsu, K.-C., & Chen, Y.-J. (2025). PCSK9 Enhances Cardiac Fibrogenesis via the Activation of Toll-like Receptor and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(5), 1921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051921