Next Article in Journal
Synthesis, Anti-Tumour, and Antibacterial Activities of Monocarbonyl Curcumin Analogues of Piperidones
Previous Article in Journal
MSK1 Downstream Signaling Contributes to Inflammatory Pain in the Superficial Spinal Dorsal Horn
Previous Article in Special Issue
Modulation of α-Mannosidase 8 by Antarctic Endophytic Fungi in Strawberry Plants Under Heat Waves and Water Deficit Stress
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
IJMS
Volume 26
Issue 24
10.3390/ijms262412178
ijms-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

The Nuclear Effector RIRG190 Interacts with SAS10 to Regulate Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

by
María Victoria Aparicio Chacón
1,2,
Annick De Keyser
1,2,
Naomi Stuer
1,2,
Toon Leroy
1,2,
Evi Ceulemans
1,2,
Juan Antonio López-Ráez
3,
Alain Goossens
1,2,
Judith Van Dingenen
1,2,* and
Sofie Goormachtig
1,2,*
1
Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
2
Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
3
Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(24), 12178; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262412178
Submission received: 12 November 2025 / Revised: 8 December 2025 / Accepted: 15 December 2025 / Published: 18 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Molecular Basis of Plant–Microbe Interactions)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Most land plants engage in a mutualistic interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), for which Rhizophagus irregularis is a model species. Like plant pathogenic fungi, AMF genomes encode hundreds of putative effector proteins. However, for only a few, the molecular mechanisms by which they alter the host’s physiology are known. Here, we combined several reverse genetic approaches to unravel the role of the RIRG190 effector protein in arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis. Using multiple heterologous tools, evidence is provided that the RIRG190 effector is secreted and localizes to the plant nucleus. Moreover, by means of yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and ratiometric bimolecular fluorescence complementation (rBIFC) assays, the data demonstrate that RIRG190 interacts with the protein Something About Silencing (SAS10), known to be involved in rRNA biogenesis in the nucleolus of cortical cells. Our findings suggest that rRNA biogenesis is a key process modulated by AMF, potentially to enhance plant metabolic activity, facilitating cell cycle progression, and to support the establishment of the symbiosis.
Keywords: Rhizophagus irregularis; AM symbiosis; effector protein; Solanum lycopersicum; Arabidopsis thaliana; rRNA biogenesis; nucleus Rhizophagus irregularis; AM symbiosis; effector protein; Solanum lycopersicum; Arabidopsis thaliana; rRNA biogenesis; nucleus

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Chacón, M.V.A.; Keyser, A.D.; Stuer, N.; Leroy, T.; Ceulemans, E.; López-Ráez, J.A.; Goossens, A.; Dingenen, J.V.; Goormachtig, S. The Nuclear Effector RIRG190 Interacts with SAS10 to Regulate Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 12178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262412178

AMA Style

Chacón MVA, Keyser AD, Stuer N, Leroy T, Ceulemans E, López-Ráez JA, Goossens A, Dingenen JV, Goormachtig S. The Nuclear Effector RIRG190 Interacts with SAS10 to Regulate Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(24):12178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262412178

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chacón, María Victoria Aparicio, Annick De Keyser, Naomi Stuer, Toon Leroy, Evi Ceulemans, Juan Antonio López-Ráez, Alain Goossens, Judith Van Dingenen, and Sofie Goormachtig. 2025. "The Nuclear Effector RIRG190 Interacts with SAS10 to Regulate Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 24: 12178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262412178

APA Style

Chacón, M. V. A., Keyser, A. D., Stuer, N., Leroy, T., Ceulemans, E., López-Ráez, J. A., Goossens, A., Dingenen, J. V., & Goormachtig, S. (2025). The Nuclear Effector RIRG190 Interacts with SAS10 to Regulate Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(24), 12178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262412178

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop