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Volume 26
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10.3390/ijms262311607
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

From Structure to Function: 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic Acid Derivatives as Potential Next-Generation Antibacterials

by
Lilia Croitor
1,†,
Anastasia Gorobet
1,
Marioara Nicoleta Caraba
2,3,†,
Pavlina Bourosh
1,
Ion Valeriu Caraba
3,4,
Daniela Haidu
5 and
Manuela Crisan
5,*
1
Institute of Applied Physics, Moldova State University, 5 Academiei Str., MD2028 Chisinau, Moldova
2
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
3
ANAPATMOL Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
4
Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
5
“Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 24 Mihai Viteazu Bd., 300223 Timisoara, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(23), 11607; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311607 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 20 October 2025 / Revised: 19 November 2025 / Accepted: 28 November 2025 / Published: 29 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Antimicrobials and Anticancer Agents: From Natural to Synthetic Compounds)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The rapid emergence of drug-resistant bacteria demands alternative antimicrobial strategies that extend beyond conventional drugs. In this study, we present the synthesis, structural characterization, and antibacterial evaluation of two new 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid (2Cl5NBH) derivatives: a methylethanolammonium salt (compound 1) and a 2D coordination polymer (compound 2). Structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, complemented by Hirshfeld surface analysis, revealed the supramolecular architectures and highlighted the key intermolecular interactions, providing essential insights into the potential role of these compounds in modulating their physicochemical and biological behavior. Antibacterial assays demonstrated that compound 1 exhibited a broad inhibitory profile against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, compound 2 exhibited selective inhibition against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) comparable to that of gentamicin.
Keywords: drug-resistant bacteria; bioactive molecules; chloro-nitro derivatives; alkanolamine; organic multicomponent system; coordination polymer; antibacterial compounds drug-resistant bacteria; bioactive molecules; chloro-nitro derivatives; alkanolamine; organic multicomponent system; coordination polymer; antibacterial compounds

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MDPI and ACS Style

Croitor, L.; Gorobet, A.; Caraba, M.N.; Bourosh, P.; Caraba, I.V.; Haidu, D.; Crisan, M. From Structure to Function: 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic Acid Derivatives as Potential Next-Generation Antibacterials. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 11607. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311607

AMA Style

Croitor L, Gorobet A, Caraba MN, Bourosh P, Caraba IV, Haidu D, Crisan M. From Structure to Function: 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic Acid Derivatives as Potential Next-Generation Antibacterials. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(23):11607. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311607

Chicago/Turabian Style

Croitor, Lilia, Anastasia Gorobet, Marioara Nicoleta Caraba, Pavlina Bourosh, Ion Valeriu Caraba, Daniela Haidu, and Manuela Crisan. 2025. "From Structure to Function: 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic Acid Derivatives as Potential Next-Generation Antibacterials" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 23: 11607. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311607

APA Style

Croitor, L., Gorobet, A., Caraba, M. N., Bourosh, P., Caraba, I. V., Haidu, D., & Crisan, M. (2025). From Structure to Function: 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic Acid Derivatives as Potential Next-Generation Antibacterials. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(23), 11607. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311607

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