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Volume 26
Issue 19
10.3390/ijms26199803
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Combined Treatment of Sodium Butyrate and Bromelain Enhanced Anticancer Effects in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines: A Promising Therapeutic Approach

by
Rocío Olivera-Salazar
1,
Pedro Villarejo Campos
2,
Rocío Barrueco Gutiérrez
1,
Luz Vega-Clemente
1,
Luis Javier Serrano
1,
Soledad García Gómez-Heras
3,
Damián García-Olmo
1,2,4,† and
Mariano García-Arranz
1,4,*,†
1
New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FJD), 28040 Madrid, Spain
3
Department of Basic Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
4
Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28034 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9803; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199803 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 15 September 2025 / Revised: 29 September 2025 / Accepted: 6 October 2025 / Published: 8 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Molecular Pathways in Oncology, 3rd Edition)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide, with few effective treatment options and substantial associated side effects. As a result, there is growing interest in therapeutic alternatives that reduce toxicity. Natural compounds such as sodium butyrate (NaB), a microbial metabolite of dietary fiber, and bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme from pineapple, have shown individual anticancer properties. However, their combined effect in CRC remains underexplored. This study investigates the synergistic potential of NaB and bromelain in colorectal cancer cell lines, focusing on their ability to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and modulate key molecular pathways. Findings reveal that co-treatment enhances antitumor activity in vitro, suggesting a promising and safer therapeutic strategy for CRC.
Keywords: colorectal cancer; sodium butyrate; bromelain; combined treatment; synergistic antitumor effect colorectal cancer; sodium butyrate; bromelain; combined treatment; synergistic antitumor effect

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Olivera-Salazar, R.; Villarejo Campos, P.; Barrueco Gutiérrez, R.; Vega-Clemente, L.; Serrano, L.J.; García Gómez-Heras, S.; García-Olmo, D.; García-Arranz, M. Combined Treatment of Sodium Butyrate and Bromelain Enhanced Anticancer Effects in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 9803. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199803

AMA Style

Olivera-Salazar R, Villarejo Campos P, Barrueco Gutiérrez R, Vega-Clemente L, Serrano LJ, García Gómez-Heras S, García-Olmo D, García-Arranz M. Combined Treatment of Sodium Butyrate and Bromelain Enhanced Anticancer Effects in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(19):9803. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199803

Chicago/Turabian Style

Olivera-Salazar, Rocío, Pedro Villarejo Campos, Rocío Barrueco Gutiérrez, Luz Vega-Clemente, Luis Javier Serrano, Soledad García Gómez-Heras, Damián García-Olmo, and Mariano García-Arranz. 2025. "Combined Treatment of Sodium Butyrate and Bromelain Enhanced Anticancer Effects in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines: A Promising Therapeutic Approach" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 19: 9803. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199803

APA Style

Olivera-Salazar, R., Villarejo Campos, P., Barrueco Gutiérrez, R., Vega-Clemente, L., Serrano, L. J., García Gómez-Heras, S., García-Olmo, D., & García-Arranz, M. (2025). Combined Treatment of Sodium Butyrate and Bromelain Enhanced Anticancer Effects in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(19), 9803. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199803

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