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Volume 25
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Communication

Higher Seasonal Variation of Systemic Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder

by
Sara Dallaspezia
1,
Vincenzo Cardaci
2,
Mario Gennaro Mazza
1,
Rebecca De Lorenzo
3,
Patrizia Rovere Querini
2,3,
Cristina Colombo
2,4 and
Francesco Benedetti
1,2,*
1
Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
2
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
3
Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
4
Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4310; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084310
Submission received: 5 January 2024 / Revised: 8 April 2024 / Accepted: 9 April 2024 / Published: 13 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Depression: From Molecular Basis to Therapy)
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Abstract

Seasonal rhythms affect the immune system. Evidence supports the involvement of immuno-inflammatory mechanisms in bipolar disorder (BD), with the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII; platelets × neutrophils/lymphocytes) consistently reported to be higher in patients with BD than in HC, but seasonal rhythms of innate and adaptive immunity have never been studied. We retrospectively studied NLR and SII in 824 participants divided into three groups: 321 consecutively admitted inpatients affected by a major depressive episode in course of BD, and 255 consecutively admitted inpatients affected by obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD; positive psychiatric control), and 248 healthy controls (HC). Patients with BD showed markedly higher markers of systemic inflammation in autumn and winter, but not in spring and summer, in respect to both HC and patients with OCD, thus suggesting a specific effect of season on inflammatory markers in BD, independent of a shared hospital setting and drug treatment. Given that systemic inflammation is emerging as a new marker and as target for treatment in depressive disorders, we suggest that seasonal rhythms should be considered for tailoring antidepressant immuno-modulatory treatments in a precision medicine approach.
Keywords: bipolar disorder; obsessive compulsive disorder; season; inflammation; neutrophil; lymphocyte; platelet; serotonin; melatonin bipolar disorder; obsessive compulsive disorder; season; inflammation; neutrophil; lymphocyte; platelet; serotonin; melatonin

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dallaspezia, S.; Cardaci, V.; Mazza, M.G.; De Lorenzo, R.; Rovere Querini, P.; Colombo, C.; Benedetti, F. Higher Seasonal Variation of Systemic Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084310

AMA Style

Dallaspezia S, Cardaci V, Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Rovere Querini P, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Higher Seasonal Variation of Systemic Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(8):4310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084310

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dallaspezia, Sara, Vincenzo Cardaci, Mario Gennaro Mazza, Rebecca De Lorenzo, Patrizia Rovere Querini, Cristina Colombo, and Francesco Benedetti. 2024. "Higher Seasonal Variation of Systemic Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 8: 4310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084310

APA Style

Dallaspezia, S., Cardaci, V., Mazza, M. G., De Lorenzo, R., Rovere Querini, P., Colombo, C., & Benedetti, F. (2024). Higher Seasonal Variation of Systemic Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(8), 4310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084310

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