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Article

Multiplexing Biosensor for the Detection of Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers of Tissue Damage and Recovery after Ischemic Stroke

by
Silvia Picciolini
1,
Valentina Mangolini
1,2,
Francesca Rodà
1,3,
Angelo Montesano
1,
Francesca Arnaboldi
4,
Piergiuseppe Liuzzi
5,6,
Andrea Mannini
5,
Marzia Bedoni
1 and
Alice Gualerzi
1,*
1
IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
2
Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25122 Brescia, Italy
3
Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42100 Modena, Italy
4
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
5
IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 50143 Firenze, Italy
6
Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Istituto di BioRobotica, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(9), 7937; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097937
Submission received: 20 March 2023 / Revised: 19 April 2023 / Accepted: 25 April 2023 / Published: 27 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Neurological Recovery after Stroke: Potential Therapies and Mechanisms)
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Abstract

The inflammatory, reparative and regenerative mechanisms activated in ischemic stroke patients immediately after the event cooperate in the response to injury, in the restoration of functions and in brain remodeling even weeks after the event and can be sustained by the rehabilitation treatment. Nonetheless, patients’ response to treatments is difficult to predict because of the lack of specific measurable markers of recovery, which could be complementary to clinical scales in the evaluation of patients. Considering that Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are carriers of multiple molecules involved in the response to stroke injury, in the present study, we have identified a panel of EV-associated molecules that (i) confirm the crucial involvement of EVs in the processes that follow ischemic stroke, (ii) could possibly profile ischemic stroke patients at the beginning of the rehabilitation program, (iii) could be used in predicting patients’ response to treatment. By means of a multiplexing Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging biosensor, subacute ischemic stroke patients were proven to have increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and translocator protein (TSPO) on the surface of small EVs in blood. Besides, microglia EVs and endothelial EVs were shown to be significantly involved in the intercellular communications that occur more than 10 days after ischemic stroke, thus being potential tools for the profiling of patients in the subacute phase after ischemic stroke and in the prediction of their recovery.
Keywords: extracellular vesicles; Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging; biosensor; stroke; biomarkers extracellular vesicles; Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging; biosensor; stroke; biomarkers

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MDPI and ACS Style

Picciolini, S.; Mangolini, V.; Rodà, F.; Montesano, A.; Arnaboldi, F.; Liuzzi, P.; Mannini, A.; Bedoni, M.; Gualerzi, A. Multiplexing Biosensor for the Detection of Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers of Tissue Damage and Recovery after Ischemic Stroke. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 7937. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097937

AMA Style

Picciolini S, Mangolini V, Rodà F, Montesano A, Arnaboldi F, Liuzzi P, Mannini A, Bedoni M, Gualerzi A. Multiplexing Biosensor for the Detection of Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers of Tissue Damage and Recovery after Ischemic Stroke. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(9):7937. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097937

Chicago/Turabian Style

Picciolini, Silvia, Valentina Mangolini, Francesca Rodà, Angelo Montesano, Francesca Arnaboldi, Piergiuseppe Liuzzi, Andrea Mannini, Marzia Bedoni, and Alice Gualerzi. 2023. "Multiplexing Biosensor for the Detection of Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers of Tissue Damage and Recovery after Ischemic Stroke" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9: 7937. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097937

APA Style

Picciolini, S., Mangolini, V., Rodà, F., Montesano, A., Arnaboldi, F., Liuzzi, P., Mannini, A., Bedoni, M., & Gualerzi, A. (2023). Multiplexing Biosensor for the Detection of Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers of Tissue Damage and Recovery after Ischemic Stroke. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(9), 7937. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097937

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