The Role of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Periodontitis—Narrative Review

Ustianowski, Łukasz; Ustianowska, Klaudia; Gurazda, Klaudia; Rusiński, Marcin; Ostrowski, Piotr; Pawlik, Andrzej

doi:10.3390/ijms24076774

Open AccessReview

The Role of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Periodontitis—Narrative Review

by

Łukasz Ustianowski

,

Klaudia Ustianowska

,

Klaudia Gurazda

,

Marcin Rusiński

,

Piotr Ostrowski

and

Andrzej Pawlik

^*

Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6774; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076774

Submission received: 27 February 2023 / Revised: 31 March 2023 / Accepted: 3 April 2023 / Published: 5 April 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights on the Health Benefits of Vitamins, Minerals and Probiotics)

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Abstract

Periodontitis is a common disorder affecting the bone and soft tissues of the periodontal complex. When untreated, it may lead to severe mobility or even loss of teeth. The pathogenesis of periodontitis is complex, with crucial factors being chronic inflammation in gingival and periodontal tissues and oral microbiome alterations. However, recent studies highlight the alleged role of vitamins, such as vitamin C (VitC) and vitamin D (VitD), in the development of the disease. VitC regulates numerous biochemical reactions, but foremost, it is involved in synthesizing collagen. It was reported that VitC deficiency could lead to damage to the periodontal ligaments. VitC supplementation improves postoperative outcomes in patients with periodontitis. VitD is a steroid derivative that can be produced in the skin under ultraviolet radiation and later transformed into an active form in other tissues, such as the kidneys. VitD was established to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in gingiva and regulate the proper mineral density of teeth. Moreover, the supplementation of VitD was associated with better results in the nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on the role of vitamins C and D in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis.

Keywords: periodontitis; vitamin C; vitamin D; diet therapy; periodontal disease; tooth loss

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ustianowski, Ł.; Ustianowska, K.; Gurazda, K.; Rusiński, M.; Ostrowski, P.; Pawlik, A. The Role of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Periodontitis—Narrative Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 6774. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076774

AMA Style

Ustianowski Ł, Ustianowska K, Gurazda K, Rusiński M, Ostrowski P, Pawlik A. The Role of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Periodontitis—Narrative Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(7):6774. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076774

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ustianowski, Łukasz, Klaudia Ustianowska, Klaudia Gurazda, Marcin Rusiński, Piotr Ostrowski, and Andrzej Pawlik. 2023. "The Role of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Periodontitis—Narrative Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7: 6774. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076774

APA Style

Ustianowski, Ł., Ustianowska, K., Gurazda, K., Rusiński, M., Ostrowski, P., & Pawlik, A. (2023). The Role of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Periodontitis—Narrative Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(7), 6774. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076774

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The Role of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Periodontitis—Narrative Review

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