Seed Priming with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Enhance Crop Tolerance to Environmental Stresses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Seed Nano-Priming Mechanism NPs Entry
3. Application to Different Crops
4. ZnO NPs Seed Priming against Abiotic Stresses
4.1. Drought Stress
4.2. Salt Stress
4.3. Heavy Metals Stress—Cu, Co, Pb and Cd
4.4. Arsenic Stress
5. ZnO NPs Seed Priming against Biotic Stresses
6. Seed Storage
7. Seed Priming and Germination
8. Challenges and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Application | Type of Seed | Doses | Effects | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Drought stress alleviation | Rice | 0; 5; 10; 15; 25; 50 ppm | Agronomic profile yield | [81] |
Wheat | 40; 80; 120; 160 ppm | Chlorophyll content and plant nutrients | [82] | |
Wheat | 10 mg/L | Reduced DNA damage | [83] | |
Salt stress alleviation | Sorghum bicolor | 5; 10 mg/L | Increased Fresh weights | [84] |
Wheat | 50 mg/L | Increased plant growth, grain yield and macronutrients | [85] | |
Wheat | 50 mg/L | Improved germination | [86] | |
Rapeseed | 25; 50; 100 mg/L | Increased vigor indexes | [87] | |
Cu stress alleviation | Wheat | 20 ppm | Improved growth | [86] |
Co stress alleviation | Maize | 500 mg/L | Improved plant growth, biomass and photosynthetic machinery | [88] |
Pb stress alleviation | Basella alba | 200 mg/L | Increased seed germination, seedling and roots growth, seed vigor; reduced Pb uptake | [89] |
Cd stress alleviation | Rice | 0; 25; 50; 100 mg/L | Improved early growth and related physio-biochemical attributes | [90] |
Arsenic stress alleviation | V. mungo (bean) | 50; 100; 150; 200 mg/L | Increased germination by modulation of metabolic pathways | [91] |
Biotic stress counteraction | Chickpea | 0.25; 0.50; 0.75; 1.0 µg/mL 1000 mg/kg | Antifungal Activity | [92] |
Reduction in disease indices | [93] | |||
Seed storage | V. radiata (bean) | 1000 ppm | Increased germination percentage | [94] |
Chickpea | 100 ppm | increased seed storage life; decreased disease incidence | [95] | |
Crop improvement | Wheat | 5; 10; 15; 20 ppm | Increased plant growth | [96] |
Oryza sativa (rice) | 10 µmol | Seedling vigor; increased plant chlorophyll content; nutrients uptake | [97] | |
Tomato | 100 ppm | Improved germination process | [98] | |
Cotton | 400 ppm | Increased germination and seed parameters | [99] | |
Wheat | 10 mgL−1 | Increased germination, vigor index and chlorophyll content | [100] | |
V. faba (bean) | 50, 100 mgL−1 | Increased biometric parameters, chlorophyll content | [101] |
ZnO NPs Source | Reagents and Conditions | Characterization | Size and Purity | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Purchased | Not Reported | 20–30 nm 98% purity level | [81] | |
Purchased | UV–Vis, TEM, XRD * | Not reported—99,99%purity level | [82] | |
Purchased | Not Reported | Not Reported | [83] | |
Phyto-Synthesis | Zn(NO3)2 ·6H2O, Agathosma betulina, 80 °C, calcination 600 °C | UV–Vis, TEM, XRD, FTIR, SEM | 20–30 nm | [84] |
Purchased | Not reported | <50 nm | [85] | |
Purchased | Not reported | <100 nm | [86] | |
Precipitation | ZnSO4·7H2O, NaOH, drying 100 °C | XRD, IR, SEM, TEM | ~20 nm | [87] |
Purchased | XRD, EDX, TEM, SEM | ~20 nm-99% purity | [88] | |
“Chemical” | ZnSO4, citrate, 70 °C | DLS, TEM | spherical shape ~ 193 nm High purity | [89] ** |
Purchased | SEM, TEM * | 36 nm | [90] | |
Phyto-Synthesis | Zn(ac)2 ·2H2O V. mungo extract, 70 °C | UV–Vis, SEM, XRD | 30–80 nm | [91] |
Biogenic synthesis | Zn(ac)2 ·2H2O, T. Harzanium, 40 °C, calcination 500 °C | UV–Vis, FTIR, TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD | 5–27 nm, agglomerated | [92] |
Purchased | XRD | 15–25 nm | [93] | |
Precipitation | Zn(NO3)2 ·6H2O, NaOH, 55 °C, vacuum 60 °C | SEM, EDAX, TEM, Raman | Narrow rods— 80–150 nm | [94] |
Wet chemical synthesis | Trichoderm asperellum | UV–Vis, SEM, TEM, FTIR | spherical shape, 33.4 nm | [95] ** |
Precipitation | Zn(ac)2 ·2H2O, KOH, 60 °C, dried at 60 °C | UV-Vis, XRD, SEM, FTIR | Hexagonal shape 20 nm | [96] |
Biogenic synthesis | Zn(NO3)2, ZnSO4, ZnCl2 fungi, from arid field | DLS, TEM-EDX, zeta potential | 10 nm | [97] ** |
Phyto-Synthesis | Zn(ac)2 ·2H2O, Coriandrum sativum, 70 °C, calcination 500 °C | UV–Vis, FTIR, TEM, SEM, XRD | spherical shape 30 nm | [98] |
Precipitation | Zn(NO3)2 ·6H2O, NaOH, 55 °C, Dried at 60 °C | UV –Vis, FTIR, TEM, SEM | spherical shape 36 nm | [99] |
Purchased | UV –Vis, XRD, TEM | spherical shape 20–30 nm | [100] | |
Precipitation | Zn(NO3)2 ·6H2O, NaOH 40 °C–60 °C | XRD, FTIR, SEM, TGA | 58–60 nm | [101] |
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Donia, D.T.; Carbone, M. Seed Priming with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Enhance Crop Tolerance to Environmental Stresses. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417612
Donia DT, Carbone M. Seed Priming with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Enhance Crop Tolerance to Environmental Stresses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(24):17612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417612
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonia, Domenica Tommasa, and Marilena Carbone. 2023. "Seed Priming with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Enhance Crop Tolerance to Environmental Stresses" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 24: 17612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417612