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Article

Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Potential Genes of Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis in Mashen Pigs and Large White Pigs under Cold Stress

by
Wenxia Li
1,
Yufen Chen
1,
Yunting Zhang
1,
Ning Zhao
1,
Wanfeng Zhang
1,
Mingyue Shi
1,
Yan Zhao
1,
Chunbo Cai
1,
Chang Lu
1,
Pengfei Gao
1,
Xiaohong Guo
1,
Bugao Li
1,
Sung-Woo Kim
2,
Yang Yang
1,* and
Guoqing Cao
1,*
1
College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
2
Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(21), 15534; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115534
Submission received: 7 September 2023 / Revised: 18 October 2023 / Accepted: 20 October 2023 / Published: 24 October 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics and Breeding Mechanisms in Domestics Animals)
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Abstract

Pigs are susceptible to cold stress due to the absence of brown fat caused by the partial deletion of uncoupling protein 1 during their evolution. Some local pig breeds in China exhibit potential cold adaptability, but research has primarily focused on fat and intestinal tissues. Skeletal muscle plays a key role in adaptive thermogenesis in mammals, yet the molecular mechanism of cold adaptation in porcine skeletal muscle remains poorly understood. This study investigated the cold adaptability of two pig breeds, Mashen pigs (MS) and Large White pigs (LW), in a four-day cold (4 °C) or normal temperature (25 °C) environment. We recorded phenotypic changes and collected blood and longissimus dorsi muscle for transcriptome sequencing. Finally, the PRSS8 gene was randomly selected for functional exploration in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells. A decrease in body temperature and body weight in both LW and MS pigs under cold stress, accompanied by increased shivering frequency and respiratory frequency, were observed. However, the MS pigs demonstrated stable physiological homeostasis, indicating a certain level of cold adaptability. The LW pigs primarily responded to cold stress by regulating their heat production and glycolipid energy metabolism. The MS pigs exhibited a distinct response to cold stress, involving the regulation of heat production, energy metabolism pathways, and robust mitochondrial activity, as well as a stronger immune response. Furthermore, the functional exploration of PRSS8 in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells revealed that it affected cellular energy metabolism and thermogenesis by regulating ERK phosphorylation. These findings shed light on the diverse transcriptional responses of skeletal muscle in LW and MS pigs under cold stress, offering valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cold adaptation in pigs.
Keywords: cold stress; skeletal muscle; transcriptome; Large White pig; Mashen pig; PRSS8 cold stress; skeletal muscle; transcriptome; Large White pig; Mashen pig; PRSS8

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, W.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, N.; Zhang, W.; Shi, M.; Zhao, Y.; Cai, C.; Lu, C.; Gao, P.; et al. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Potential Genes of Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis in Mashen Pigs and Large White Pigs under Cold Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115534

AMA Style

Li W, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhao N, Zhang W, Shi M, Zhao Y, Cai C, Lu C, Gao P, et al. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Potential Genes of Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis in Mashen Pigs and Large White Pigs under Cold Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(21):15534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115534

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Wenxia, Yufen Chen, Yunting Zhang, Ning Zhao, Wanfeng Zhang, Mingyue Shi, Yan Zhao, Chunbo Cai, Chang Lu, Pengfei Gao, and et al. 2023. "Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Potential Genes of Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis in Mashen Pigs and Large White Pigs under Cold Stress" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 21: 15534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115534

APA Style

Li, W., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, N., Zhang, W., Shi, M., Zhao, Y., Cai, C., Lu, C., Gao, P., Guo, X., Li, B., Kim, S.-W., Yang, Y., & Cao, G. (2023). Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Potential Genes of Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis in Mashen Pigs and Large White Pigs under Cold Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(21), 15534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115534

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