Cirsium Setidens Water Extracts Containing Linarin Block Estrogen Deprivation-Induced Bone Loss in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of CSEs on OVX-Induced Uterine Atrophy
2.2. Elevation of Osteoclastic Activation Induced by CSEs in OVX Mice
2.3. Effects of CSEs on Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphate (TRAP) Activity and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in OVX Mouse Bone
2.4. Inhibitory Effects of CSEs on Acidification of the Resorption Lacunae
2.5. Inhibition of Sealing Zone Formation and Lysosomal Enzyme Secretion Induced by CSEs
2.6. Formation of Trabecular Bone Induced by CSEs in OVX Mice
2.7. Effects of CSEs on Collagen Metabolism
2.8. Effects of CSEs on Mineralization of Collagen Bone Matrix
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Preparation of CSEs
4.3. Animals and Ovariectomy
4.4. Biochemical Analyses in Serum and Bone
4.5. Histological Examination of Uterus and Bone
4.6. TRAP Staining
4.7. Western Blot Analysis
4.8. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
4.9. Collagen Fiber Staining of Bones
4.10. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Animals | Control Mice | OVX Mice | OVX Mice | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | 20 mg/kg CSE | 20 mg/kg Acacetin | 20 mg/kg Linarin | |||
Femur | BMD | 82.53 ± 0.54 a | 71.43 ± 0.41 c | 78.77 ± 0.58 b | 74.72 ± 0.63 b | 78.22 ± 0.59 b |
BMC | 18.83 ± 0.48 a | 17.14 ± 0.40 b | 18.50 ± 0.22 a | 17.33 ± 0.33 b | 18.33 ± 0.33 a | |
area | 0.19 ± 0.002 a | 0.20 ± 0.003 a | 0.20 ± 0.003 a | 0.19 ± 0.003 a | 0.20 ± 0.005 a | |
Tibia | BMD | 64.07 ± 0.32 a | 55.84 ± 0.26 c | 61.70 ± 0.31 b | 56.98 ± 0.42 c | 59.22 ± 0.35 b |
BMC | 10.17 ± 0.31 a | 9.57 ± 0.20 b | 9.83 ± 0.31 a,b | 9.50 ± 0.22 b | 9.80 ± 0.17 a,b | |
area | 0.15 ± 0.002 a | 0.15 ± 0.003 a | 0.15 ± 0.003 a | 0.15 ± 0.002 a | 0.15 ± 0.004 a |
Animals | Control Mice | OVX Mice | OVX Mice | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | 20 mg/kg CSE | 20 mg/kg Acacetin | 20 mg/kg Linarin | |||
Initial body weight (BW; g) | 21.85 ± 0.34 a | 21.80 ± 0.29 a | 21.70 ± 0.30 a | 21.87 ± 0.19 a | 21.92 ± 0.28 a | |
Final BW (g) | 23.40 ± 0.36 c | 26.52 ± 0.29 a | 25.03 ± 0.45 b | 24.92 ± 0.31 b | 24.89 ± 0.42 b | |
ADG (mg/d) | 21.53 ± 0.64 c | 65.56 ± 0.54 a | 46.30 ± 3.87 b | 42.20 ± 1.80 b | 41.34 ± 2.40 b | |
ADFI (g/d) | 3.33 ± 0.06 a | 3.16 ± 0.10 a | 3.11 ± 0.06 a | 3.14 ± 0.06 a | 3.17 ± 0.06 a | |
FER | 0.47 ± 0.01 c | 4.37 ± 2.88 a | 1.08 ± 0.10 b | 1.00 ± 0.04 b | 0.94 ± 0.05 b | |
LW | 1.56 ± 0.05 a | 1.06 ± 0.07 b | 1.12 ± 0.04 b | 1.12 ± 0.03 b | 1.11 ± 0.04 b | |
LW/BW(%) | 6.66 ± 0.10 a | 4.04 ± 0.04 c | 4.49 ± 0.08 b | 4.51 ± 0.06 b | 4.47 ± 0.08 b | |
GPT | 22.25 ± 0.75 a | 22.29 ± 0.70 a | 21.50 ± 0.56 a | 21.33 ± 0.33 a | 21.67 ± 0.80 a | |
GOP | 49.25 ± 1.11 a | 49.29 ± 0.87 a | 50.00 ± 1.06 a | 49.80 ± 0.97 a | 49.50 ± 0.56 a |
Animals | Control Mice | OVX Mice | OVX Mice | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | 20 mg/kg CSE | 20 mg/kg Acacetin | 20 mg/kg Linarin | |||
TC | 77.00 ± 0.91 d | 101.14 ± 1.65 a | 88.17 ± 2.09 c | 96.17 ± 0.95 b | 87.67 ± 5.58 c | |
TG | 54.86 ± 3.62 b,c | 75.25 ± 5.30 a | 62.67 ± 4.12 b | 57.60 ± 3.22 b,c | 53.17 ± 3.85 c | |
HDL-C | 41.71 ± 1.55 a | 31.00 ± 3.34 c | 36.67 ± 1.02 b | 44.50 ± 1.73 a | 39.33 ± 1.63 a,b | |
LDL-C | 30.95 ± 2.88 c | 58.46 ± 2.63 a | 38.97 ± 2.68 b | 40.15 ± 0.96 b | 37.70 ± 4.83 b |
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Oh, M.-S.; Kim, S.-I.; Sim, Y.E.; Park, S.-H.; Kang, M.-K.; Kang, I.-J.; Lim, S.S.; Kang, Y.-H. Cirsium Setidens Water Extracts Containing Linarin Block Estrogen Deprivation-Induced Bone Loss in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021620
Oh M-S, Kim S-I, Sim YE, Park S-H, Kang M-K, Kang I-J, Lim SS, Kang Y-H. Cirsium Setidens Water Extracts Containing Linarin Block Estrogen Deprivation-Induced Bone Loss in Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(2):1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021620
Chicago/Turabian StyleOh, Moon-Sik, Soo-Il Kim, Young Eun Sim, Sin-Hye Park, Min-Kyung Kang, Il-Jun Kang, Soon Sung Lim, and Young-Hee Kang. 2023. "Cirsium Setidens Water Extracts Containing Linarin Block Estrogen Deprivation-Induced Bone Loss in Mice" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2: 1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021620