Unilateral Hypofunction of the Masseter Leads to Molecular and 3D Morphometric Signs of Atrophy in Ipsilateral Agonist Masticatory Muscles in Adult Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Unilateral Masseter Hypofunction: Adult Mouse Model
4.2. Relative Levels of mRNA of Atrophy-Related Molecular Markers in Mouse Masticatory Muscles
4.3. The Three-Dimensional Phenotyping of Mouse Masticatory Muscles with X-ray Microtomography (µCT)
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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BoNTA Side–Control Side | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muscle | Days | Gene | Control Side Mean ± SEM | BoNTA Side Mean ± SEM | p Value * | CI 95% ** | Cohen’s dz *** |
Masseter | 2 | Atrogin-1 | 1.15 ± 0.28 | 6.55 ± 1.11 | 0.016 | [2.363, 8.429] | 1.867 |
Murf1 | 0.82 ± 0.17 | 5.26 ± 1.21 | 0.016 | [1.278, 7.612] | 1.473 | ||
Myogenin | 0.79 ± 0.20 | 2.36 ± 0.68 | 0.016 | [−0.181, 3.331] | 0.941 | ||
7 | Atrogin-1 | 1.15 ± 0.25 | 8.88 ± 1.86 | 0.016 | [2.611, 12.840] | 1.585 | |
Murf1 | 1.02 ± 0.23 | 6.24 ± 2.30 | 0.016 | [−0.678, 11.120] | 0.929 | ||
Myogenin | 0.63 ± 0.20 | 42.72 ± 12.35 | 0.016 | [10.220, 73.950] | 1.386 | ||
14 | Atrogin-1 | 0.84 ± 0.21 | 4.49 ± 0.78 | 0.016 | [1.535, 5.754] | 1.813 | |
Murf1 | 0.80 ± 0.31 | 2.54 ± 0.69 | 0.016 | [0.696, 2.775] | 1.751 | ||
Myogenin | 0.87 ± 0.12 | 77.13 ± 26.59 | 0.016 | [7.825, 144.700] | 1.169 | ||
Temporalis | 2 | Atrogin-1 | 0.68 ± 0.16 | 10.22 ± 3.49 | 0.016 | [0.845, 18.250] | 1.151 |
Murf1 | 1.72 ± 0.45 | 12.01 ± 5.04 | 0.031 | [−1.640, 22.210] | 0.906 | ||
Myogenin | 1.37 ± 0.62 | 4.67 ± 2.06 | 0.016 | [−0.410, 7.024] | 0.934 | ||
7 | Atrogin-1 | 1.02 ± 0.09 | 9.05 ± 4.49 | 0.047 | [−3.473, 19.540] | 0.732 | |
Murf1 | 3.13 ± 1.78 | 26.37 ± 6.41 | 0.031 | [4.173–42.320] | 1.514 | ||
Myogenin | 1.61 ± 1.13 | 10.11 ± 2.87 | 0.031 | [−0.165, 17.170] | 1.218 | ||
14 | Atrogin-1 | 1.07 ± 0.18 | 7.21 ± 2.77 | 0.031 | [−1.187, 13.470] | 1.041 | |
Murf1 | 0.78 ± 0.27 | 2.41 ± 0.44 | 0.031 | [0.9810, 2.287] | 3.107 | ||
Myogenin | 1.24 ± 0.20 | 10.70 ± 0.68 | 0.031 | [−5.984, 24.900] | 0.760 | ||
Medial pterygoid | 2 | Atrogin-1 | 1.52 ± 0.50 | 5.56 ± 2.98 | 0.063 | [−3.262, 11.340] | 0.687 |
Murf1 | 1.28 ± 0.47 | 4.35 ± 1.32 | 0.125 | [−0.811, 6.957] | 0.982 | ||
Myogenin | 0.66 ± 0.18 | 4.89 ± 1.28 | 0.031 | [0.5235, 7.918] | 1.417 | ||
7 | Atrogin-1 | 0.83 ± 0.44 | 5.98 ± 2.49 | 0.016 | [−0.634, 10.930] | 0.935 | |
Murf1 | 1.38 ± 0.49 | 3.21 ± 1.35 | 0.109 | [−1.302, 4.949] | 0.612 | ||
Myogenin | 1.28 ± 0.34 | 39.23 ± 9.00 | 0.016 | [5.120, 60.790] | 1.744 | ||
14 | Atrogin-1 | 0.81 ± 0.20 | 1.35 ± 0.52 | 0.219 | [−0.619, 1.699] | 0.489 | |
Murf1 | 0.79 ± 0.42 | 0.49 ± 0.19 | 0.500 | [−1.725, 1.122] | 0.302 | ||
Myogenin | 1.23 ± 0.39 | 25.89 ± 12.39 | 0.016 | [−10.50, 59.82] | 0.870 | ||
Lateral pterygoid | 2 | Atrogin-1 | 1.23 ± 0.31 | 0.59 ± 0.15 | 0.094 | [−1.674, 0.394] | −0.769 |
Murf1 | 1.38 ± 0.52 | 0.41 ± 0.10 | 0.016 | [−2.327, 0.390] | −0.748 | ||
Myogenin | 0.83 ± 0.33 | 1.42 ± 0.57 | 0.281 | [−0.838, 2.001] | 0.43 | ||
7 | Atrogin-1 | 1.05 ± 0.22 | 4.23 ± 2.53 | 0.313 | [−3.831, 10.190] | 0.563 | |
Murf1 | 1.11 ± 0.24 | 2.68 ± 1.47 | 0.281 | [−2.589, 5.272] | 0.396 | ||
Myogenin | 0.86 ± 0.25 | 1.56 ± 0.63 | 0.281 | [−0.967, 2.377] | 0.443 | ||
14 | Atrogin-1 | 1.29 ± 0.33 | 1.12 ± 0.41 | 0.156 | [−0.558, 0.2178] | −0.460 | |
Murf1 | 1.18 ± 0.31 | 0.90 ± 0.17 | 0.344 | [−1.060, 0.503] | −0.367 | ||
Myogenin | 0.96 ± 0.42 | 2.45 ± 1.21 | 0.156 | [−1.905, 4.902] | 0.462 |
Volume (mm3) | Thickness (mm) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muscles | Control Side Mean ± SEM | BoNTA Side Mean ± SEM | Mean Difference | Control Side Mean ± SEM | BoNTA Side Mean ± SEM | Mean Difference |
Masseter | 43.6 ± 1.3 | 27.4 ± 0.4 | −16.3 * | 0.87 ± 0.01 | 0.64 ± 0.01 | −0.23 * |
Temporalis | 21.3 ± 0.6 | 18.6 ± 0.7 | −2.6 * | 0.57 ± 0.00 | 0.56 ± 0.00 | −0.01 * |
Medial pterygoid | 13.7 ± 0.6 | 11.5 ± 0.5 | −2.2 * | 0.97 ± 0.02 | 0.88 ± 0.02 | −0.09 * |
Lateral pterygoid | 7.4 ± 0.2 | 7.9 ± 0.2 | +0.5 * | 0.72 ± 0.01 | 0.73 ± 0.01 | +0.01 ns |
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Balanta-Melo, J.; Eyquem-Reyes, A.; Blanco, N.; Vásquez, W.; Kupczik, K.; Toro-Ibacache, V.; Buvinic, S. Unilateral Hypofunction of the Masseter Leads to Molecular and 3D Morphometric Signs of Atrophy in Ipsilateral Agonist Masticatory Muscles in Adult Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 14740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914740
Balanta-Melo J, Eyquem-Reyes A, Blanco N, Vásquez W, Kupczik K, Toro-Ibacache V, Buvinic S. Unilateral Hypofunction of the Masseter Leads to Molecular and 3D Morphometric Signs of Atrophy in Ipsilateral Agonist Masticatory Muscles in Adult Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(19):14740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914740
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalanta-Melo, Julián, Andrea Eyquem-Reyes, Noelia Blanco, Walter Vásquez, Kornelius Kupczik, Viviana Toro-Ibacache, and Sonja Buvinic. 2023. "Unilateral Hypofunction of the Masseter Leads to Molecular and 3D Morphometric Signs of Atrophy in Ipsilateral Agonist Masticatory Muscles in Adult Mice" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19: 14740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914740