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Volume 23
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Review

Autism Spectrum Disorder: Focus on Glutamatergic Neurotransmission

by
Martina Montanari
1,2,
Giuseppina Martella
1,
Paola Bonsi
1,* and
Maria Meringolo
1,*
1
Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
2
Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(7), 3861; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073861
Submission received: 28 February 2022 / Revised: 24 March 2022 / Accepted: 29 March 2022 / Published: 31 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Molecular Neurobiology in Italy)
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Abstract

Disturbances in the glutamatergic system have been increasingly documented in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Glutamate-centered theories of ASD are based on evidence from patient samples and postmortem studies, as well as from studies documenting abnormalities in glutamatergic gene expression and metabolic pathways, including changes in the gut microbiota glutamate metabolism in patients with ASD. In addition, preclinical studies on animal models have demonstrated glutamatergic neurotransmission deficits and altered expression of glutamate synaptic proteins. At present, there are no approved glutamatergic drugs for ASD, but several ongoing clinical trials are currently focusing on evaluating in autistic patients glutamatergic pharmaceuticals already approved for other conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature concerning the role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of ASD and as a potential target for novel treatments.
Keywords: brain development; ASD genes; animal model; signaling; therapy; glutamate receptors; metabolism; gut brain development; ASD genes; animal model; signaling; therapy; glutamate receptors; metabolism; gut

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MDPI and ACS Style

Montanari, M.; Martella, G.; Bonsi, P.; Meringolo, M. Autism Spectrum Disorder: Focus on Glutamatergic Neurotransmission. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 3861. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073861

AMA Style

Montanari M, Martella G, Bonsi P, Meringolo M. Autism Spectrum Disorder: Focus on Glutamatergic Neurotransmission. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(7):3861. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073861

Chicago/Turabian Style

Montanari, Martina, Giuseppina Martella, Paola Bonsi, and Maria Meringolo. 2022. "Autism Spectrum Disorder: Focus on Glutamatergic Neurotransmission" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7: 3861. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073861

APA Style

Montanari, M., Martella, G., Bonsi, P., & Meringolo, M. (2022). Autism Spectrum Disorder: Focus on Glutamatergic Neurotransmission. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 3861. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073861

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