Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery

Kapoor, Vaishali; Singh, Abhay K.; Lewis, Calvin D.; Deore, Sapna; Hallahan, Dennis E.

doi:10.3390/ijms23063041

Open AccessReview

Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery

by

Vaishali Kapoor

^1,2,†

,

Abhay K. Singh

^1,†

,

Calvin D. Lewis

^1,3

,

Sapna Deore

⁴ and

Dennis E. Hallahan

^1,2,*

¹

Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA

²

Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA

³

Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA

⁴

Medical Guidance Systems LLC, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(6), 3041; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063041

Submission received: 5 January 2022 / Revised: 28 February 2022 / Accepted: 3 March 2022 / Published: 11 March 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiation Biology and Molecular Radiation Oncology)

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Abstract

Therapeutic antibodies used to treat cancer are effective in patients with advanced-stage disease. For example, antibodies that activate T-lymphocytes improve survival in many cancer subtypes. In addition, antibody–drug conjugates effectively target cytotoxic agents that are specific to cancer. This review discusses radiation-inducible antigens, which are stress-regulated proteins that are over-expressed in cancer. These inducible cell surface proteins become accessible to antibody binding during the cellular response to genotoxic stress. The lead antigens are induced in all histologic subtypes and nearly all advanced-stage cancers, but show little to no expression in normal tissues. Inducible antigens are exploited by using therapeutic antibodies that bind specifically to these stress-regulated proteins. Antibodies that bind to the inducible antigens GRP78 and TIP1 enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in preclinical cancer models. The conjugation of cytotoxic drugs to the antibodies further improves cancer response. This review focuses on the use of radiotherapy to control the cancer-specific binding of therapeutic antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates.

Keywords: antibody–drug conjugate; radiation therapy; therapeutic target; radiation-inducible

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kapoor, V.; Singh, A.K.; Lewis, C.D.; Deore, S.; Hallahan, D.E. Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 3041. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063041

AMA Style

Kapoor V, Singh AK, Lewis CD, Deore S, Hallahan DE. Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(6):3041. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063041

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kapoor, Vaishali, Abhay K. Singh, Calvin D. Lewis, Sapna Deore, and Dennis E. Hallahan. 2022. "Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6: 3041. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063041

APA Style

Kapoor, V., Singh, A. K., Lewis, C. D., Deore, S., & Hallahan, D. E. (2022). Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(6), 3041. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063041

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery

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