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Article

Fractal Analysis of DNA Sequences Using Frequency Chaos Game Representation and Small-Angle Scattering

by
Eugen Mircea Anitas
1,2
1
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
2
Horia Hulubei, National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1847; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031847
Submission received: 16 January 2022 / Revised: 3 February 2022 / Accepted: 4 February 2022 / Published: 6 February 2022

Abstract

The fractal characteristics of DNA sequences are studied using the frequency chaos game representation (FCGR) and small-angle scattering (SAS) technique. The FCGR allows representation of the frequencies of occurrence of k-mers (oligonucleotides of length k) in the form of images. The numerically encoded data are then used in a SAS analysis to enhance hidden features in DNA sequences. It is shown that the simulated SAS intensity allows us to obtain the fractal dimensions and scaling factors at various scales. These structural parameters can be used to distinguish unambiguously between the scaling properties of complex hierarchical DNA sequences. The validity of this approach is illustrated on several sequences from: Escherichia coli, Mouse mitochondrion, Homo sapiens mitochondrion and Human cosmid.
Keywords: DNA sequences; time series; chaos game representation; multifractals; small-angle scattering DNA sequences; time series; chaos game representation; multifractals; small-angle scattering

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MDPI and ACS Style

Anitas, E.M. Fractal Analysis of DNA Sequences Using Frequency Chaos Game Representation and Small-Angle Scattering. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031847

AMA Style

Anitas EM. Fractal Analysis of DNA Sequences Using Frequency Chaos Game Representation and Small-Angle Scattering. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(3):1847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031847

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anitas, Eugen Mircea. 2022. "Fractal Analysis of DNA Sequences Using Frequency Chaos Game Representation and Small-Angle Scattering" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3: 1847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031847

APA Style

Anitas, E. M. (2022). Fractal Analysis of DNA Sequences Using Frequency Chaos Game Representation and Small-Angle Scattering. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(3), 1847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031847

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