New Evidence of the Importance of Weak Interactions in the Formation of PML-Bodies

Fonin, Alexander V.; Silonov, Sergey A.; Fefilova, Anna S.; Stepanenko, Olesya V.; Gavrilova, Anastasia A.; Petukhov, Alexey V.; Romanovich, Anna E.; Modina, Anna L.; Zueva, Tatiana S.; Nedelyaev, Evgeniy M.; Pleskach, Nadejda M.; Kuranova, Mirya L.; Kuznetsova, Irina M.; Uversky, Vladimir N.; Turoverov, Konstantin K.

doi:10.3390/ijms23031613

Open AccessArticle

New Evidence of the Importance of Weak Interactions in the Formation of PML-Bodies

by

Alexander V. Fonin

^1,*,†

,

Sergey A. Silonov

^1,†

,

Anna S. Fefilova

¹

,

Olesya V. Stepanenko

¹

,

Anastasia A. Gavrilova

¹

,

Alexey V. Petukhov

²

,

Anna E. Romanovich

³,

Anna L. Modina

¹,

Tatiana S. Zueva

¹,

Evgeniy M. Nedelyaev

¹,

Nadejda M. Pleskach

¹,

Mirya L. Kuranova

¹,

Irina M. Kuznetsova

¹

,

Vladimir N. Uversky

⁴

and

Konstantin K. Turoverov

^1,*

¹

Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia

²

Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Hematology, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia

³

Resource Center of Molecular and Cell Technologies, St-Petersburg State University Research Park, Universitetskaya Emb. 7–9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia

⁴

Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1613; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031613

Submission received: 12 December 2021 / Revised: 27 January 2022 / Accepted: 27 January 2022 / Published: 30 January 2022

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Molecular Biophysics)

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Abstract

In this work, we performed a comparative study of the formation of PML bodies by full-length PML isoforms and their C-terminal domains in the presence and absence of endogenous PML. Based on the analysis of the distribution of intrinsic disorder predisposition in the amino acid sequences of PML isoforms, regions starting from the amino acid residue 395 (i.e., sequences encoded by exons 4–6) were assigned as the C-terminal domains of these proteins. We demonstrate that each of the full-sized nuclear isoforms of PML is capable of forming nuclear liquid-droplet compartments in the absence of other PML isoforms. These droplets possess dynamic characteristics of the exchange with the nucleoplasm close to those observed in the wild-type cells. Only the C-terminal domains of the PML-II and PML-V isoforms are able to be included in the composition of the endogenous PML bodies, while being partially distributed in the nucleoplasm. The bodies formed by the C-terminal domain of the PML-II isoform are dynamic liquid droplet compartments, regardless of the presence or absence of endogenous PML. The C-terminal domain of PML-V forms dynamic liquid droplet compartments in the knockout cells (PML^−/−), but when the C-terminus of the PML-V isoform is inserted into the existing endogenous PML bodies, the molecules of this protein cease to exchange with the nucleoplasm. It was demonstrated that the K490R substitution, which disrupts the PML sumoylation, promotes diffuse distribution of the C-terminal domains of PML-II and PML-V isoforms in endogenous PML knockout HeLa cells, but not in the wild-type cells. These data indicate the ability of the C-terminal domains of the PML-II and PML-V isoforms to form dynamic liquid droplet-like compartments, regardless of the ordered N-terminal RBCC motifs of the PML. This indicates a significant role of the non-specific interactions between the mostly disordered C-terminal domains of PML isoforms for the initiation of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) leading to the formation of PML bodies.

Keywords: membrane-less organelles (MLOs); PML-bodies; promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) isoforms; acute hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress; fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP); liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fonin, A.V.; Silonov, S.A.; Fefilova, A.S.; Stepanenko, O.V.; Gavrilova, A.A.; Petukhov, A.V.; Romanovich, A.E.; Modina, A.L.; Zueva, T.S.; Nedelyaev, E.M.; et al. New Evidence of the Importance of Weak Interactions in the Formation of PML-Bodies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031613

AMA Style

Fonin AV, Silonov SA, Fefilova AS, Stepanenko OV, Gavrilova AA, Petukhov AV, Romanovich AE, Modina AL, Zueva TS, Nedelyaev EM, et al. New Evidence of the Importance of Weak Interactions in the Formation of PML-Bodies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(3):1613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031613

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fonin, Alexander V., Sergey A. Silonov, Anna S. Fefilova, Olesya V. Stepanenko, Anastasia A. Gavrilova, Alexey V. Petukhov, Anna E. Romanovich, Anna L. Modina, Tatiana S. Zueva, Evgeniy M. Nedelyaev, and et al. 2022. "New Evidence of the Importance of Weak Interactions in the Formation of PML-Bodies" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3: 1613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031613

APA Style

Fonin, A. V., Silonov, S. A., Fefilova, A. S., Stepanenko, O. V., Gavrilova, A. A., Petukhov, A. V., Romanovich, A. E., Modina, A. L., Zueva, T. S., Nedelyaev, E. M., Pleskach, N. M., Kuranova, M. L., Kuznetsova, I. M., Uversky, V. N., & Turoverov, K. K. (2022). New Evidence of the Importance of Weak Interactions in the Formation of PML-Bodies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(3), 1613. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031613

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New Evidence of the Importance of Weak Interactions in the Formation of PML-Bodies

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