Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Analysis of Tryptamines in “Minor Psilocybin Genera” (Excl. Psilocybe)
2.2. Quantification of Tryptamines in the Genus Psilocybe
2.3. Quantification of Tryptamines in the Psilocybe serbica Complex
2.4. Remarks
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals and Standards
3.2. Collection of Mushroom Samples
3.3. Extraction
3.4. Instrumental Analysis
3.5. Molecular Methods and Phylogeny
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mushroom Species | fb | n | AE | BA | NB | PS | PSB |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gymnopilus dilepis | 2 | 1 | <LOD | 0.002–0.005 | <LOD | 0.024–0.063 | 0.031–0.131 |
Inocybe aeruginascens | 2 | 1 | 0.280–0.283 | 0.038–0.039 | <LOD | 0.005 | 0.124–0.128 |
Inocybe calamistrata | 9 | 5 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
Inocybe corydalina | 4 | 2 | 0.016–0.365 | 0.499–0.975 | 0.036–0.097 | 0.000–0.006 | 0.076–0.282 |
Panaeolus cinctulus | 12 | 3 | ― | 0.118–1.525 | 0.045–0.477 | 0.007–0.257 | 0.114–1.578 |
Panaeolus foenisecii | 8 | 2 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
Panaeolus olivaceus | 2 | 1 | ― | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
Panaeolus papilionaceus | 2 | 1 | ― | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
Pholiotina cyanopus | 3 | 1 | ― | 0.821–1.360 | 0.247–0.565 | 0.000–0.062 | 0.000–0.859 |
Pluteus americanus | 6 | 3 | 0.008–0.014 | 0.154–0.410 | 0.067–0.162 | 0.123–0.347 | 1.172–2.428 |
Pluteus glaucotinctus | 1 | 1 | 0.012 | 0.224 | 0.484 | 0.013 | 1.939 |
Pluteus salicinus | 3 | 2 | 0.014–0.024 | 0.032–0.157 | 0.018–0.044 | 0.037–0.070 | 0.306–1.353 |
Psilocybe caerulescens | 2 | 1 | <LOQ | 0.009–0.013 | <LOD | 0.341–0.413 | 0.225–0.310 |
Psilocybe caerulipes | 4 | 2 | 0.018–0.028 | 0.063–0.141 | 0.019–0.052 | 0.501–2.770 | 2.234–5.674 |
Psilocybe cubensis | 9 | 4 | 0.026–0.053 | 0.139–0.881 | 0.044–0.161 | 0.208–5.344 | 0.651–3.509 |
Psilocybe cyanescens | 13 | 4 | 0.011–0.039 | 0.216–2.852 | 0.102–0.978 | 0.409–10.018 | 2.340–13.808 |
Psilocybe fimetaria | 4 | 2 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
Psilocybe fuscofulva | 6 | 3 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
Psilocybe medullosa | 11 | 3 | <LOD | 0.007–0.406 | 0.000–0.215 | 0.000–0.051 | 0.143–1.003 |
Psilocybe mexicana | 2 | 1 | 0.006–0.007 | 0.254–0.328 | 0.159–0.203 | 1.944–1.974 | 3.286–3.934 |
Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata | 8 | 3 | 0.004–0.013 | 0.164–0.699 | 0.031–0.568 | 0.026–5.464 | 0.914–7.172 |
Psilocybe semilanceata | 18 | 5 | 0.010–0.033 | 0.725–4.467 | 0.121–0.510 | 0.033–0.619 | 1.280–11.421 |
Psilocybe serbica | 5 | 1 | ― | 1.748–3.385 | 1.010–1.946 | 0.215–3.810 | 1.562–3.957 |
Psilocybe serbica var. arcana | 54 | 18 | 0.000–0.024 | 0.000–2.237 | 0.000–0.794 | 0.412–7.922 | 0.002–8.878 |
Psilocybe serbica var. bohemica | 20 | 8 | 0.008–0.093 | 0.234–2.473 | 0.173–1.282 | 0.027–2.485 | 1.553–15.543 |
Psilocybe serbica var. moravica | 6 | 1 | 0.053–0.249 | 0.293–0.822 | 0.453–2.012 | 0.061–0.386 | 5.655–14.158 |
Psilocybe sp. | 6 | 1 | ― | 0.282–0.965 | 0.031–0.144 | 1.489–2.051 | 0.512–1.892 |
Psilocybe subaeruginosa | 2 | 1 | ― | 0.009–0.011 | <LOQ | 0.081–0.326 | 0.102–0.195 |
Psilocybe zapotecorum | 2 | 1 | 0.021 | 0.430–0.481 | 0.208–0.211 | 0.293–0.369 | 9.022–9.655 |
Stropharia aeruginosa * | 3 | 1 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
Agaricus bisporus * | 20 | 1 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
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Gotvaldová, K.; Borovička, J.; Hájková, K.; Cihlářová, P.; Rockefeller, A.; Kuchař, M. Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 14068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214068
Gotvaldová K, Borovička J, Hájková K, Cihlářová P, Rockefeller A, Kuchař M. Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(22):14068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214068
Chicago/Turabian StyleGotvaldová, Klára, Jan Borovička, Kateřina Hájková, Petra Cihlářová, Alan Rockefeller, and Martin Kuchař. 2022. "Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22: 14068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214068