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Review

Translational Implications for Radiosensitizing Strategies in Rhabdomyosarcoma

by
Silvia Pomella
1,2,†,
Antonella Porrazzo
3,4,†,
Matteo Cassandri
1,4,
Simona Camero
5,
Silvia Codenotti
6,
Luisa Milazzo
7,
Francesca Vulcano
7,
Giovanni Barillari
2,
Giovanni Cenci
8,
Cinzia Marchese
9,
Alessandro Fanzani
6,
Francesca Megiorni
9,
Rossella Rota
1 and
Francesco Marampon
4,*
1
Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00146 Rome, Italy
2
Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
3
Units of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00146 Rome, Italy
4
Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
5
Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
6
Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biotechnology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
7
Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
8
Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
9
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 13281; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113281
Submission received: 7 October 2022 / Revised: 28 October 2022 / Accepted: 28 October 2022 / Published: 31 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sarcoma)
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Abstract

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence that includes FP-RMS, harboring the fusion oncoprotein PAX3/7-FOXO1 and FN-RMS, often mutant in the RAS pathway. Risk stratifications of RMS patients determine different prognostic groups and related therapeutic treatment. Current multimodal therapeutic strategies involve surgery, chemotherapy (CHT) and radiotherapy (RT), but despite the deeper knowledge of response mechanisms underpinning CHT treatment and the technological improvements that characterize RT, local failures and recurrence frequently occur. This review sums up the RMS classification and the management of RMS patients, with special attention to RT treatment and possible radiosensitizing strategies for RMS tumors. Indeed, RMS radioresistance is a clinical problem and further studies aimed at dissecting radioresistant molecular mechanisms are needed to identify specific targets to hit, thus improving RT-induced cytotoxicity.
Keywords: rhabdomyosarcoma; radiotherapy; radiation therapy; radiosensitizers; radioresistance rhabdomyosarcoma; radiotherapy; radiation therapy; radiosensitizers; radioresistance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pomella, S.; Porrazzo, A.; Cassandri, M.; Camero, S.; Codenotti, S.; Milazzo, L.; Vulcano, F.; Barillari, G.; Cenci, G.; Marchese, C.; et al. Translational Implications for Radiosensitizing Strategies in Rhabdomyosarcoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 13281. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113281

AMA Style

Pomella S, Porrazzo A, Cassandri M, Camero S, Codenotti S, Milazzo L, Vulcano F, Barillari G, Cenci G, Marchese C, et al. Translational Implications for Radiosensitizing Strategies in Rhabdomyosarcoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(21):13281. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113281

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pomella, Silvia, Antonella Porrazzo, Matteo Cassandri, Simona Camero, Silvia Codenotti, Luisa Milazzo, Francesca Vulcano, Giovanni Barillari, Giovanni Cenci, Cinzia Marchese, and et al. 2022. "Translational Implications for Radiosensitizing Strategies in Rhabdomyosarcoma" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21: 13281. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113281

APA Style

Pomella, S., Porrazzo, A., Cassandri, M., Camero, S., Codenotti, S., Milazzo, L., Vulcano, F., Barillari, G., Cenci, G., Marchese, C., Fanzani, A., Megiorni, F., Rota, R., & Marampon, F. (2022). Translational Implications for Radiosensitizing Strategies in Rhabdomyosarcoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(21), 13281. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113281

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