Transcriptome Analysis of Particulate Matter 2.5-Induced Abnormal Effects on Human Sebocytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and Gene Ontology (GO)-Based Gene-Set Enrichment Analysis of SZ95 Sebocytes after PM2.5 Treatment
2.2. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Terms and Canonical Pathway Prediction Analysis
2.3. Upstream Regulator Analysis and Disease and Biological Function Prediction by IPA
2.4. Effect of PM2.5 on Lipid Production, ROS Generation, and Lipid-Peroxidation in SZ95 Sebocytes
2.5. Confirmation of PM2.5 Effects on Human Skin Tissue
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. PM2.5 Preparation and Analysis
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. RT-qPCR Analysis
4.4. Western Blotting of Cell Lysates and ELISA
4.5. Measurement of Lipid Production
4.6. Measurement of ROS and Lipid Peroxidation
4.7. Human Skin Tissue Model and Immunohistochemistry
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingenuity Canonical Pathways | −Log (p-Value) | Ratio | z-Score | Molecules |
---|---|---|---|---|
Xenobiotic metabolism AHR signaling pathway | 6.41 | 0.23 | 3.578 | ABCG2, AHRR, ALDH1A1, ALDH1L1, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B1, ALDH3B2, ALDH6A1, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, GSTA4, GSTM2, GSTM3, GSTM4, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6 |
Superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis | 5.17 | 0.345 | 3.162 | ACAT2, CYP51A1, DHCR7, FDFT1, FDPS, HMGCR, HMGCS1, LSS, MSMO1, MVD |
Cholesterol Biosynthesis I | 3.07 | 0.385 | 2.236 | CYP51A1, DHCR7, FDFT1, LSS, MSMO1 |
Cholesterol Biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol) | 3.07 | 0.385 | 2.236 | CYP51A1, DHCR7, FDFT1, LSS, MSMO1 |
Cholesterol Biosynthesis III (Via Desmosterol) | 3.07 | 0.385 | 2.236 | CYP51A1, DHCR7, FDFT1, LSS, MSMO1 |
Role of IL-17A in psoriasis | 2.9 | 0.357 | −2.236 | CXCL1, CXCL6, CXCL8, S100A8, S100A9 |
Thyroid cancer signaling | 2.4 | 0.152 | −2.887 | CCND1, CXCL8, FOS, IRS1, jun, myc, PIK3R3, RAP2B, RASD2, TCF4, TCF7L1, TP53 |
Superpathway of Geranylgeranyldiphosphate Biosynthesis I (via mevalonate) | 2.36 | 0.278 | 2.236 | ACAT2, FDPS, HMGCR, HMGCS1, MVD |
Estrogen-dependent breast cancer signaling | 1.96 | 0.139 | −2.236 | AKR1C1/AKR1C2, CCND1, FOS, HSD17B1, HSD17B14, HSD17B2, HSD17B3, JUN, PIK3R3, RAP2B, RASD2 |
eNOS signaling | 1.09 | 0.0943 | 2.496 | BDKRB1, CALML5, CAV1, CCNA1, CHRNB4, ESR2, GUCY1B1, HSPA5, KDR, LPAR1, LPAR3, PGF, PIK3R3, PRKAA2, PRKD1 |
Upstream Regulator | Molecule Type | Predicted Activation State | Activation z-Score | p-Value of Overlap |
---|---|---|---|---|
SREBF1 | Transcription regulator | Activated | 4.149 | 1.11 × 10−14 |
SREBF2 | Transcription regulator | Activated | 4.063 | 1.41 × 10−13 |
MAPK7 | Kinase | Activated | 2.935 | 1.49 × 10−11 |
SCAP | Other | Activated | 4.12 | 3.39 × 10−10 |
MAP2K5 | Kinase | Activated | 3.704 | 1.59 × 10−9 |
DSCAML1 | Other | Activated | 2.294 | 1.41 × 10−8 |
EWSR1-FLI1 | Fusion gene/product | Activated | 2.426 | 1.72 × 10−8 |
CYP7A1 | Enzyme | Activated | 2.333 | 3.62 × 10−7 |
DSCAM | Other | Activated | 3.286 | 8.32 × 10−7 |
SH3TC2 | Other | Activated | 2.111 | 1.2 × 10−6 |
CTNNB1 | Transcription regulator | Inhibited | −2.587 | 4.66 × 10−16 |
SMAD3 | Transcription regulator | Inhibited | −2.105 | 6.62 × 10−14 |
WNT3A | Cytokine | Inhibited | −3.324 | 1.21 × 10−12 |
TGFB1 | Growth factor | Inhibited | −2.179 | 3.34 × 10−12 |
INSIG1 | Other | Inhibited | −3.761 | 4.37 × 10−11 |
LRP6 | Transcription regulator | Inhibited | −2.619 | 1.58 × 10−9 |
MRTFB | Transcription regulator | Inhibited | −2.939 | 8.37 × 10−9 |
FOXO3 | Transcription regulator | Inhibited | −3.051 | 1.71 × 10−8 |
PDGF BB | Complex | Inhibited | −2.768 | 3.16 × 10−8 |
MFSD2A | Transporter | Inhibited | −3.293 | 3.76 × 10−8 |
Categories | Diseases or Functions Annotation | p-Value | B–H p-Value | Predicted Activation State | Activation z-Score | Bias-Corrected z-Score | No. of Molecules |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lipid metabolism, molecular transport, small molecule biochemistry | Concentration of lipid | 1.42 × 10−14 | 1.79 × 10−12 | Increased | 2.871 | 2.767 | 152 |
dermatological diseases and conditions, organismal injury and abnormalities | Abnormality of skin morphology | 3.81 × 10−8 | 1.66 × 10−6 | Increased | 2.646 | 2.853 | 69 |
lipid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry | Fatty acid metabolism | 6.95 × 10−15 | 9.14 × 10−13 | Increased | 2.611 | 2.078 | 111 |
cancer, organismal injury and abnormalities, respiratory disease | Development of lung tumor | 3.6 × 10−10 | 2.3 × 10−8 | Increased | 2.566 | 2.766 | 273 |
organismal survival | Organismal death | 1.08 × 10−17 | 1.78 × 10−15 | Increased | 2.547 | 4.19 | 380 |
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Na, H.-W.; Kim, H.S.; Choi, H.; Cha, N.; Seo, Y.R.; Hong, Y.D.; Kim, H.-J. Transcriptome Analysis of Particulate Matter 2.5-Induced Abnormal Effects on Human Sebocytes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911534
Na H-W, Kim HS, Choi H, Cha N, Seo YR, Hong YD, Kim H-J. Transcriptome Analysis of Particulate Matter 2.5-Induced Abnormal Effects on Human Sebocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(19):11534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911534
Chicago/Turabian StyleNa, Hye-Won, Hyun Soo Kim, Hyunjung Choi, Nari Cha, Young Rok Seo, Yong Deog Hong, and Hyoung-June Kim. 2022. "Transcriptome Analysis of Particulate Matter 2.5-Induced Abnormal Effects on Human Sebocytes" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19: 11534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911534