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Volume 23
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Review

Role of Vitamin D in Liver Disease and Complications of Advanced Chronic Liver Disease

by
Federico Ravaioli
1,2,*,
Alessandra Pivetti
1,
Lorenza Di Marco
1,3,
Christou Chrysanthi
1,
Gabriella Frassanito
1,
Martina Pambianco
1,
Chiara Sicuro
1,
Noemi Gualandi
1,
Tomas Guasconi
1,
Maddalena Pecchini
1 and
Antonio Colecchia
1
1
Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
2
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy
3
Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 9016; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169016
Submission received: 29 July 2022 / Revised: 9 August 2022 / Accepted: 11 August 2022 / Published: 12 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Vitamin D in Human Health and Diseases 2.0)
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Abstract

Vitamin D is a crucial nutrient with many pleiotropic effects on health and various chronic diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed report on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency in patients with chronic liver disease, addressing the different liver etiologies and the condition of advanced chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) with related complications. To date, patients with liver disease, regardless of underlying etiology, have been shown to have reduced levels of vitamin D. There is also evidence of the predictive role of vitamin D values in complications and progression of advanced disease. However, specific indications of vitamin D supplementation are not conclusive concerning what is already recommended in the general population. Future studies should make an effort to unify and validate the role of vitamin D supplementation in chronic liver disease.
Keywords: vitamin D; cirrhosis; advanced chronic liver disease; NAFLD; HCC; portal hypertension; nutrition vitamin D; cirrhosis; advanced chronic liver disease; NAFLD; HCC; portal hypertension; nutrition

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ravaioli, F.; Pivetti, A.; Di Marco, L.; Chrysanthi, C.; Frassanito, G.; Pambianco, M.; Sicuro, C.; Gualandi, N.; Guasconi, T.; Pecchini, M.; et al. Role of Vitamin D in Liver Disease and Complications of Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 9016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169016

AMA Style

Ravaioli F, Pivetti A, Di Marco L, Chrysanthi C, Frassanito G, Pambianco M, Sicuro C, Gualandi N, Guasconi T, Pecchini M, et al. Role of Vitamin D in Liver Disease and Complications of Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(16):9016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169016

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ravaioli, Federico, Alessandra Pivetti, Lorenza Di Marco, Christou Chrysanthi, Gabriella Frassanito, Martina Pambianco, Chiara Sicuro, Noemi Gualandi, Tomas Guasconi, Maddalena Pecchini, and et al. 2022. "Role of Vitamin D in Liver Disease and Complications of Advanced Chronic Liver Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16: 9016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169016

APA Style

Ravaioli, F., Pivetti, A., Di Marco, L., Chrysanthi, C., Frassanito, G., Pambianco, M., Sicuro, C., Gualandi, N., Guasconi, T., Pecchini, M., & Colecchia, A. (2022). Role of Vitamin D in Liver Disease and Complications of Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(16), 9016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169016

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