Dynamic Changes in Seed Germination under Low-Temperature Stress in Maize
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of Low-Temperature Stress on Seed Germination in Two Maize Inbred Lines
2.2. Transcriptome Analysis of Seed Germination in Two Maize Inbred Lines under Low-Temperature Stress
2.3. Peroxidase Activity-Related Genes Are Involved in Response to Low-Temperature Stress during Seed Germination
2.4. Photosystem II (PSII) and Heat Shock Protein Binding-Related GO Terms in the SM Line Are More Vulnerable to Low-Temperature Stress at the Early Stage of Seed Germination
2.5. Low-Temperature Stress May Delay Seed Germination by the Downregulation of Ribosome-Related Genes
2.6. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Enrichment Analysis of the DEGs in Dynamic Changes in Seed Germination under Low-Temperature Stress
2.7. Verification of the RNA-seq Data by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials
4.2. Determination of Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, PRO Content, and Lipid Peroxidation
4.2.1. Measurement of TAC
4.2.2. Measurement of SOD Activity
4.2.3. Measurement of POD Activity
4.2.4. Measurement of CAT Activity
4.2.5. Measurement of PRO Content
4.2.6. Determination of Lipid Peroxidation
4.3. RNA-seq and Data Analysis
4.4. Verification of DEGs by a qRT-PCR Analysis
4.5. IBM SPSS Statistical Version 21.0 Software
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
RM | low-temperature-resistant maize |
SM | low-temperature-sensitive maize |
MDA | Malondialdehyde |
GO | Gene ontology |
POD | peroxidase |
KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
DEGs | differentially expressed genes |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
SOD | superoxide dismutase |
POD | peroxidase |
CAT | catalase |
GPX | glutathione peroxidase |
VB6 | vitamin B6 |
PRO | proline |
TAC | total antioxidant capacity |
qRT-PCR | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction |
PSII | Photosystem II |
HSP | Heat shock proteins |
ABTS | 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt |
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Meng, A.; Wen, D.; Zhang, C. Dynamic Changes in Seed Germination under Low-Temperature Stress in Maize. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105495
Meng A, Wen D, Zhang C. Dynamic Changes in Seed Germination under Low-Temperature Stress in Maize. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(10):5495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105495
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeng, Aiju, Daxing Wen, and Chunqing Zhang. 2022. "Dynamic Changes in Seed Germination under Low-Temperature Stress in Maize" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10: 5495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105495